Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Britain in the Middle Ages
Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Britain in the Middle Ages
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.
They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.
They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.
They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.
Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.
/ðə ˈsæksən ˈvɪlədʒ ðoʊ ðə ˈsæksənz lʌvd ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðeɪ suːn lɜːrnd tuː lʌv piːs ənd tuː ruːl ðer ˈkɪŋdəmz wel/
Line 2
They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.
/ðeɪ dɪˈvaɪdɪd ðə spɔɪl əˈmʌŋst ðemˈselvz ənd ðə tʃiːfs rɪˈwɔːrdɪd ðer ˈsoʊldʒərz wɪð lændz/
Line 3
They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.
/ðeɪ bɪlt ðer ˈvɪlədʒəz æz nɪr ðə striːmz æz ðeɪ kʊd soʊ ðæt ðeɪ maɪt ɡet ˈwɔːtər ˈiːzəli/
Line 4
They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.
/ðeɪ bɪlt ðem nɪr ðə wʊdz ɪf ˈpɑːsəbəl soʊ ðæt ðeɪ kʊd ɡet ˈtɪmbər tuː bɪld ðer ˈhaʊsəz ənd ˈfjuːəl fɔːr ðə ˈwɪntər bʌt nɑːt soʊ nɪr ðæt æn ˈenəmi kʊd sprɪŋ ɑːn ðem ˈsʌdənli wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈwɔːrnɪŋ ɔːr ðə pæks ʌv ˈhʌŋɡri wʊlvz kʌm ˈpraʊlɪŋ raʊnd ɪn ðə lɔːŋ dɑːrk naɪts/
Line 5
Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chiefs noun US /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading “They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.”

fuel verb US /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading “They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.”

kingdoms noun US /ˈkɪŋdəmz/

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading “THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.”

packs noun US /pæks/

plural of “pack” — a large indefinite number

From this reading “They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.”

prowling verb US /ˈpraʊlɪŋ/

-ing form of “prowl” — move about in or as if in a predatory manner

From this reading “They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.”

rewarded verb US /rɪˈwɔːrdɪd/

past form of “reward” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading “They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.”

saxon noun US /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading “THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.”

Saxons noun US /ˈsæksənz/

plural of “saxon” — a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading “THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hungry wolves adjective + noun counted as “hungry wolf”

In this reading “They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.”

three times noun + noun

by a factor of three

In this reading “Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.”

prowling round verb + noun counted as “prowl round”

In this reading “They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.”

dark nights noun + noun

In this reading “They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.”

soon learned adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.”

in sight preposition + noun

at or within a reasonable distance for seeing

In this reading “Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.”

packs of verb + particle counted as “pack of”

In this reading “They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

anyonepronounUS /ˈeniwʌn/

any person at all

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

fearedverbUS /fɪrd/

past form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

fuelverbUS /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

hornnounUS /hɔːrn/

a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

kingdomsnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəmz/

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

loudlyadverbUS /ˈlaʊdli/

with relatively high volume

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

nightsnounUS /naɪts/

Periods of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

packsnounUS /pæks/

plural of “pack” — a large indefinite number

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

prowlingverbUS /ˈpraʊlɪŋ/

-ing form of “prowl” — move about in or as if in a predatory manner

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

rewardedverbUS /rɪˈwɔːrdɪd/

past form of “reward” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

SAXONnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

SaxonsnounUS /ˈsæksənz/

plural of “saxon” — a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

spoilverbUS /spɔɪl/

make a mess of, destroy or ruin

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

timbernounUS /ˈtɪmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

VILLAGEnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

warningnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/

a message informing of danger

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading They built their villages as near the streams as they could, so that they might get water easily.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading THE SAXON VILLAGE Though the Saxons loved fighting, they soon learned to love peace and to rule their kingdoms well.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Any stranger who came in sight of the village must blow his horn three times loudly, else the Saxons killed him, for they feared anyone they did not know.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They divided the spoil amongst themselves and the chiefs rewarded their soldiers with lands.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

wolvesnounUS /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading They built them near the woods, if possible, so that they could get timber to build their houses and fuel for the winter; but not so near that an enemy could spring on them suddenly without a warning, or the packs of hungry wolves come prowling round in the long, dark nights.

Chapter 4 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 69 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Britain in the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 4 holds 69 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 69 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Britain in the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Britain in the Middle Ages take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Britain in the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Britain in the Middle Ages to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Britain in the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.