Chapter 10 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter X
Chapter 10 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc. The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands. Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.' 'God bless you,' said the Abbot Herlwin. 'Are you a Lombard?'
Chapter 10 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
a church associated with a monastery or convent
From this reading “NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.”
the superior of an abbey of monks
From this reading “The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.”
a member of a Germanic people who invaded northern Italy in the 6th century
From this reading “'Are you a Lombard?'”
United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)
From this reading “NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.”
a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie
From this reading “NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.”
kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting
From this reading “The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.”
plural of “prelate” — a senior clergyman and dignitary
From this reading “NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.”
A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.
From this reading “NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.”
In this reading “The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.”
bring forth, usually something desirable
In this reading “Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.'”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
a church associated with a monastery or convent
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
the superior of an abbey of monks
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.'
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading 'Are you a Lombard?'
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
give a benediction to
From this reading 'God bless you,' said the Abbot Herlwin.
a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions
From this reading Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.'
relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 'God bless you,' said the Abbot Herlwin.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
a member of a Germanic people who invaded northern Italy in the 6th century
From this reading 'Are you a Lombard?'
past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
have ownership or possession of
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
plural of “prelate” — a senior clergyman and dignitary
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
From this reading Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.'
except for; apart from
From this reading Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.'
A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
in or at that place or location
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading NORMAN PRELATES There came one day, to the Abbey of Bec in Normandy, a great scholar named Lanfranc.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.'
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
in the company of; together with
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
actively engaged in paid work
From this reading The Abbot was building an oven, "working at it with his own hands.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading Lanfranc came up and said, 'God save you.'
Chapter 10 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 69 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 10 holds 69 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 10 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 69 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 25 chapters of Britain in the Middle Ages to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
