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Britain in the Middle Ages
Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.
Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.
There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.
These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.
We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.
/ðə naɪts ʌv ðə raʊnd ˈteɪbəl ɪf wiː wɑːnt tuː noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə weɪz ʌv men ɪn ðoʊz deɪz wiː mʌst red sʌm ʌv ðer teɪlz/
Line 2
Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.
/ˈmeni ˈstɔːriz wɜːr sʌŋ ənd toʊld ʌv ˈnaɪtli diːdz ənd ædˈventʃərz/
Line 3
There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.
/ðer ɑːr ə ˈnʌmbər ðæt hæv kʌm daʊn tuː ʌs əˈbaʊt ə ɡreɪt kɪŋ ˈɑːrθər ənd hɪz naɪts kɔːld ðə naɪts ʌv ðə raʊnd ˈteɪbəl/
Line 4
These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.
Line 5
We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.
/wiː duː nɑːt noʊ wer ðɪs kɪŋ lɪvd nɔːr ɑːr wiː ʃʊr wer hɪz ˈkɪŋdəm leɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventures noun US /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading “Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.”

Caxton noun US /ˈkækstən/

English printer who in 1474 printed the first book in English (1422-1491)

From this reading “These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.”

deeds noun US /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading “Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.”

joyous adjective US /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading “These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.”

knightly adjective US /ˈnaɪtli/

characteristic of the time of chivalry and knighthood in the Middle Ages

From this reading “Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.”

knights noun US /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading “THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.”

recorded adjective US /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading “These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.”

sung noun US /sʌŋ/

the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy

From this reading “Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ROUND TABLE noun + noun

a meeting of peers for discussion and exchange of views

In this reading “THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.”

come down verb + adjective

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

In this reading “There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.”

know about verb + particle

In this reading “THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.”

great king adjective + noun

In this reading “There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

adventuresnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

CaxtonnounUS /ˈkækstən/

English printer who in 1474 printed the first book in English (1422-1491)

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

Darthur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

deedsnounUS /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

knightlyadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪtli/

characteristic of the time of chivalry and knighthood in the Middle Ages

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

KNIGHTSnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

Morte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

recordedadjectiveUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

ROUNDnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

sungnounUS /sʌŋ/

the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

TABLEnounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There are a number that have come down to us about a great king, Arthur, and his knights, called the Knights of the Round Table.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE If we want to know about the ways of men in those days, we must read some of their tales.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many stories were sung and told of knightly deeds and adventures.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading We do not know where this King lived nor are we sure where his kingdom lay.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These are recorded in that "noble and joyous book" _Le Morte Darthur_, which Caxton printed.

Chapter 13 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Britain in the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 13 holds 65 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Britain in the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Britain in the Middle Ages take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Britain in the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Britain in the Middle Ages to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Britain in the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.