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Britain in the Middle Ages
Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 31 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.
When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.
Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.
He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.
He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 31 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.
Line 2
When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.
/wen hiː ɡruː ʌp hɪz ˈperənts wɜːr ˈveri praʊd ʌv hɪm ənd ɡeɪv hɪm mʌtʃ ˈmʌni fɔːr hiː drest ˈɡeɪli ˈfiːstɪd ˈɔːfən ənd led ðə jʌŋ men ʌv ˈfæʃən/
Line 3
Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.
/ðen ɪt tʃænst ðæt hiː fel ɪl ənd æz hiː leɪ əˈpɑːn hɪz bed hiː θɔːt ʌv ðə sɪk ənd ðə puːr ʌv ðə rɪtʃ mʌŋks ənd ðə ˈaɪdəl priːsts ənd hiː meɪd ʌp hɪz maɪnd wen hiː ɡruː wel tuː laɪv æz kraɪst lɪvd əˈmʌŋ men/
Line 4
He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.
/hiː left hɪz ˈfɑːðər ənd ˈmʌðər tuː ðer ɡreɪt ˈsɑːroʊ/
Line 5
He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.
/hiː ɡeɪv ɔːl hiː hæd tuː ðə puːr ənd dwelt nɪr ə ˈruːənd ˈtʃæpəl bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈsɪti ɡeɪts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chanced verb US /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading “Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.”

chapel noun US /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading “He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.”

dwelt verb US /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading “He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.”

feasted verb US /ˈfiːstɪd/

past form of “feast” — partake in a feast or banquet

From this reading “When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.”

friars noun US /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading “THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.”

gaily adverb US /ˈɡeɪli/

in a gay manner

From this reading “When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.”

monks noun US /mʌŋks/

plural of “monk” — a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading “Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.”

priests noun US /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading “Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

city gates noun + noun

In this reading “He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.”

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.”

fell ill verb + adjective

In this reading “Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.”

great sorrow adjective + noun

In this reading “He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.”

grew up verb + adjective counted as “grow up”

become an adult

In this reading “When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.”

lived among verb + particle counted as “live among”

In this reading “Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.”

lay upon verb + particle

In this reading “Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.”

among men preposition + noun

In this reading “Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

Assisi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

chancedverbUS /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

chapelnounUS /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

COMINGnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.

feastedverbUS /ˈfiːstɪd/

past form of “feast” — partake in a feast or banquet

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

FRIARSnounUS /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

gailyadverbUS /ˈɡeɪli/

in a gay manner

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

monksnounUS /mʌŋks/

plural of “monk” — a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading He gave all he had to the poor and dwelt near a ruined chapel beyond the city gates.

sickadjectiveUS /sɪk/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He left his father and mother, to their great sorrow.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE COMING OF THE FRIARS About this time, Francis, the son of a merchant, was born in Italy in the town of Assisi.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Then it chanced that he fell ill and, as he lay upon his bed, he thought of the sick and the poor, of the rich monks and the idle priests, and he made up his mind when he grew well to live as Christ lived among men.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading When he grew up his parents were very proud of him and gave him much money, for he dressed gaily, feasted often and led the young men of fashion.

Chapter 15 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 31 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Britain in the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 15 holds 31 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 31 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Britain in the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Britain in the Middle Ages take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Britain in the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Britain in the Middle Ages to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Britain in the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.