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Britain in the Middle Ages
Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.
Now the King had grown poor and the barons had grown rich.
They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.
These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.
Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.
Line 2
Now the King had grown poor and the barons had grown rich.
/naʊ ðə kɪŋ hæd ɡroʊn puːr ənd ðə ˈbærənz hæd ɡroʊn rɪtʃ/
Line 3
They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.
/ðeɪ dɪd nɑːt ker tuː peɪ ðer ˈtæksəz soʊ ðeɪ priˈtendɪd tuː ɡɪv ðer lændz tuː ðə tʃɜːrtʃ/
Line 4
These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.
/ðiːz lændz wɜːr ðen ɪn ðə ded hænd bɪˈkɔːz ðə tʃɜːrtʃ held ðem fɔːr ˈevər ənd oʊd ˈnʌθɪŋ tuː ðə kɪŋ/
Line 5
Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.
/jet ɔːl ðə taɪm ðə priːsts tʊk ðer ʃer ənd ðə lændz wɜːr stɪl held baɪ ðə ˈbærənz friː ʌv ɔːl duːz tuː ðə kɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barons noun US /ˈbærənz/

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading “THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.”

dues noun US /duːz/

plural of “due” — that which is deserved or owed

From this reading “Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.”

framed adjective US /freɪmd/

provided with a frame

From this reading “THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.”

owed verb US /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading “These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.”

parliament noun US /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading “THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.”

realm noun US /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading “THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.”

taxes noun US /ˈtæksəz/

plural of “tax” — charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading “They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.”

wisely adverb US /ˈwaɪzli/

in a wise manner

From this reading “THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

for ever preposition + adverb

In this reading “These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

baronsnounUS /ˈbærənz/

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

duesnounUS /duːz/

plural of “due” — that which is deserved or owed

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

EDWARDnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

framedadjectiveUS /freɪmd/

provided with a frame

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Now the King had grown poor and the barons had grown rich.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Now the King had grown poor and the barons had grown rich.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

LAWSnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

lordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now the King had grown poor and the barons had grown rich.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

PARLIAMENTnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Now the King had grown poor and the barons had grown rich.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

pretendedadjectiveUS /priˈtendɪd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Now the King had grown poor and the barons had grown rich.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

StephennounUS /ˈstiːvən/

English writer (1832-1904)

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

taxesnounUS /ˈtæksəz/

plural of “tax” — charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They did not care to pay their taxes, so they pretended to give their lands to the Church.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These lands were then "in the dead hand" because the Church held them for ever and owed nothing to the King.

wiselyadverbUS /ˈwaɪzli/

in a wise manner

From this reading THE LAWS OF EDWARD I AND THE FIRST PARLIAMENT IN the days of Henry III, the barons had become powerful, and his son Edward I remembered the days of Stephen and how the great lords had destroyed "the good peace" of the realm, and he wisely framed the laws against them.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet all the time, the priests took their share and the lands were still held by the barons, free of all dues to the King.

Chapter 18 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 22 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Britain in the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 18 holds 22 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 22 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Britain in the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Britain in the Middle Ages take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Britain in the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Britain in the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.