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Britain in the Middle Ages
Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.
From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.
The court too was magnificent.
The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.
"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.
Line 2
From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.
Line 3
The court too was magnificent.
/ðə kɔːrt tuː wɑːz mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/
Line 4
The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.
Line 5
"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chargers noun US /ˈtʃɑːrdʒərz/

plural of “charger” — formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

harts noun US /hɑːrts/

plural of “hart” — United States playwright who collaborated with George S. Kaufman (1904-1961)

From this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

Herons noun US /ˈherənz/

plural of “heron” — Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)

From this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

jangled verb US /ˈdʒæŋɡəld/

past form of “jangle” — make a sound typical of metallic objects

From this reading “From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.”

peacocks noun US /ˈpiːkɑːks/

plural of “peacock” — European butterfly having reddish-brown wings each marked with a purple eyespot

From this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

platters noun US /ˈplætərz/

plural of “platter” — a large shallow dish used for serving food

From this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

plovers noun US /ˈplʌvərz/

plural of “plover” — any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers

From this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

tarts noun US /tɑːrts/

plural of “tart” — a woman who engages in sexual intercourse for money

From this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

burnished silver adjective + noun

In this reading “"There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.”

set before verb + particle

In this reading “The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

beauteousadjective

(poetic) beautiful, especially to the sight

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

bellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

BLACKadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

Boars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

bounteousadjective

given or giving freely

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

bridles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

burnishedadjectiveUS /ˈbɜːrnɪʃt/

made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

chargersnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒərz/

plural of “charger” — formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The court too was magnificent.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

DEATHnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

deckedverbUS /dekt/

past form of “deck” — be beautiful to look at

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

dishesnounUS /ˈdɪʃəz/

plural of “dish” — a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

feastsnounUS /fiːsts/

plural of “feast” — a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

FleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

furnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

furmenty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

gailyadverbUS /ˈɡeɪli/

in a gay manner

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

gorgeousadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːrdʒəs/

dazzlingly beautiful

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

hartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

plural of “hart” — United States playwright who collaborated with George S. Kaufman (1904-1961)

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

HeronsnounUS /ˈherənz/

plural of “heron” — Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

houndsnounUS /haʊndz/

plural of “hound” — any of several breeds of dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

huntverbUS /hʌnt/

pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals)

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

jangledverbUS /ˈdʒæŋɡəld/

past form of “jangle” — make a sound typical of metallic objects

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

jewelsnounUS /ˈdʒuːəlz/

plural of “jewel” — a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading The court too was magnificent.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

peacocksnounUS /ˈpiːkɑːks/

plural of “peacock” — European butterfly having reddish-brown wings each marked with a purple eyespot

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

PEASANTSnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

plattersnounUS /ˈplætərz/

plural of “platter” — a large shallow dish used for serving food

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

ploversnounUS /ˈplʌvərz/

plural of “plover” — any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

REVOLTnounUS /rɪˈvoʊlt/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

scabbards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

selfnounUS /self/

your consciousness of your own identity

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

silknounUS /sɪlk/

a fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain insect larvae

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

swansnounUS /swɑːnz/

plural of “swan” — stately heavy-bodied aquatic bird with very long neck and usually white plumage as adult

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

tartsnounUS /tɑːrts/

plural of “tart” — a woman who engages in sexual intercourse for money

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The King gave bounteous feasts and there were many dishes set before the guests.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From their bridles jangled the merry bells, as they followed their hounds to the hunt.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The court too was magnificent.

TurkeynounUS /ˈtɜːrki/

large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading "There came in at the first course, before the King's self, Boars' heads on broad dishes of burnished silver, Flesh of fat harts with noble furmenty, And peacocks and plovers on platters of gold, Herons and swans in chargers of silver, And tarts of Turkey full pleasant to taste.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The court too was magnificent.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

workmanshipnounUS /ˈwɜːrkmənʃɪp/

skill in an occupation or trade

From this reading THE BLACK DEATH, AND THE PEASANTS' REVOLT In those days, the great men of the land were rich and they dressed gaily in silk and fur, gorgeous were their jewels, and their scabbards were decked with beauteous workmanship.

Chapter 23 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Britain in the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 23 holds 42 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Britain in the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Britain in the Middle Ages take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Britain in the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Britain in the Middle Ages to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Britain in the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.