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Britain in the Middle Ages
Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.
Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.
He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.
In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."
When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.
Line 2
Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.
Line 3
He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.
/hiː wɑːz mʌtʃ lʌvd baɪ ɔːl hɪz ˈsoʊldʒərz fɔːr ɪn ˈreslɪŋ ˈliːpɪŋ ənd ˈrʌnɪŋ noʊ mæn kʊd kəmˈper wɪð hɪm/
Line 4
In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."
Line 5
When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abiding adjective US /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

lasting a long time

From this reading “In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."”

excelled verb US /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."”

glories noun US /ˈɡlɔːriz/

plural of “glory” — a state of high honor

From this reading “THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.”

revive verb US /rɪˈvaɪv/

cause to regain consciousness

From this reading “THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.”

shrinking noun US /ˈʃrɪŋkɪŋ/

process or result of becoming less or smaller

From this reading “In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."”

uncovered adjective US /ənˈkʌvərd/

not covered with clothing

From this reading “In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."”

valiantly adverb US /ˈvæljəntli/

with valor; in a valiant manner

From this reading “In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."”

wrestling noun US /ˈreslɪŋ/

the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat

From this reading “He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

iron bars noun + noun

In this reading “In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."”

laid siege adjective + noun

In this reading “When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.”

oak trees noun + noun counted as “oak tree”

a deciduous tree of the genus Quercus; has acorns and lobed leaves

In this reading “Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.”

crowned King adjective + noun

In this reading “THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.”

compare with verb + particle

In this reading “He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.”

heavy stones adjective + noun counted as “heavy stone”

In this reading “In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."”

into the realm preposition + article + noun counted as “into … realm”

In this reading “When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.”

came into verb + particle counted as “come into”

obtain, especially accidentally

In this reading “When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

abidingadjectiveUS /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

lasting a long time

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

armournounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

barsnounUS /bɑːrz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of two parallel wooden rods supported on uprights

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

compareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

Crécy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

Epping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

excelledverbUS /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

ForestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

FRANCEnounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

gloriesnounUS /ˈɡlɔːriz/

plural of “glory” — a state of high honor

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

Harfleur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

hungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

labouredadjective

lacking natural ease

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

leapingnounUS /ˈliːpɪŋ/

a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

manfuladjective

possessing qualities befitting a man

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

quinch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

reviveverbUS /rɪˈvaɪv/

cause to regain consciousness

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

shrinkingnounUS /ˈʃrɪŋkɪŋ/

process or result of becoming less or smaller

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

slothfuladjective

disinclined to work or exertion

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

smartadjectiveUS /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading When he came into the realm of France, he laid siege to the strong city of Harfleur.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

thirstnounUS /θɜːrst/

a physiological need to drink

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Then he built a great fleet to carry them to France, cutting down the oak trees in the Forest of Epping for that purpose.

uncoveredadjectiveUS /ənˈkʌvərd/

not covered with clothing

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

valiantlyadverbUS /ˈvæljəntli/

with valor; in a valiant manner

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

wearinessnounUS /ˈwɪrinəs/

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE WAR WITH FRANCE (_continued_) When Henry V was crowned King, he desired much to revive the glories of Crécy and so he summoned his nobles to war.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading In casting of great iron bars and heavy stones, he excelled all men, never shrinking at cold, nor slothful for heat; and when he most laboured, his head commonly uncovered; no more weariness of light armour than a light coat, very valiantly abiding at need both hunger and thirst, so manful of mind as never to seem to quinch at a wound or to smart at the pain."

wrestlingnounUS /ˈreslɪŋ/

the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat

From this reading He was much loved by all his soldiers, "for in wrestling, leaping and running, no man could compare with him.

Chapter 24 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 24 of Britain in the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 24 holds 66 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 24 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 24 of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 24 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 24 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Britain in the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Britain in the Middle Ages take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Britain in the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Britain in the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.