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British Sea Birds
British Sea Birds

Chapter VI · Petrels

Chapter VI of British Sea Birds, “Petrels,” is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_PetrelsCharacteristicsChanges of PlumageFulmar PetrelFork-tailed PetrelStormy PetrelManx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.
They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.
They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.
Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.
The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

British Sea Birds

Chapter VI · Petrels

Chapter VI of British Sea Birds, “Petrels,” is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_PetrelsCharacteristicsChanges of PlumageFulmar PetrelFork-tailed PetrelStormy PetrelManx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.
Line 2
They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ðə bɜːrdz ʌv ðə waɪd ˈoʊʃən ˈiːvɪn ˈʃoʊɪŋ smɔːl ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti fɔːr ˈneroʊ siːz ənd ˈtʃiːfli ˈfriːkwəntɪŋ fɔːr ˈbriːdɪŋ ˈpɜːrpəsəz ˈoʊnli sʌtʃ spɑːts æz feɪs ðə ˈwaɪdəst ɪkˈspænsɪz ʌv ˈwɔːtər/
Line 3
They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.
Line 4
Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.
Line 5
The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

expanses noun US /ɪkˈspænsɪz/

plural of “expanse” — a wide scope

From this reading “They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.”

frequenting verb US /ˈfriːkwəntɪŋ/

-ing form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.”

Manx noun US /mæŋks/

the ancient Gaelic formerly spoken on the Isle of Man; the language is sometimes used on ceremonial occasions

From this reading “_Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.”

partiality noun US /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

a predisposition to like something

From this reading “They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.”

pelagic adjective US /pəˈlædʒɪk/

relating to or occurring or living in or frequenting the open ocean

From this reading “_Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.”

Petrels noun US /ˈpetrəlz/

plural of “petrel” — relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land

From this reading “_Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.”

relegate verb US /ˈreləɡeɪt/

refer to another person for decision or judgment

From this reading “The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.”

widest adjective US /ˈwaɪdəst/

superlative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading “They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

widest expanses adjective + noun counted as “wide expanse”

In this reading “They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.”

wide ocean adjective + noun

In this reading “They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.”

above the waves preposition + article + noun counted as “above … wave”

In this reading “Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.”

narrow seas verb + noun counted as “narrow sea”

In this reading “They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.”

Changes of verb + particle counted as “change of”

In this reading “_Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

bird-life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

breedverbUS /briːd/

call forth

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

breedingnounUS /ˈbriːdɪŋ/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

ChangesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

CharacteristicsnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

combineverbUS /ˈkɑːmbaɪn/

have or possess in combination

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

crepuscularadjective

like twilight; dim

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

distinctiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

exceptionallyadverbUS /ɪkˈsepʃənəli/

to an exceptional degree

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

exclusivelyadverbUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

expansesnounUS /ɪkˈspænsɪz/

plural of “expanse” — a wide scope

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

Fork-tailed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

frequentingverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntɪŋ/

-ing form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

Fulmarnoun

heavy short-tailed oceanic bird of polar regions

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

huesnounUS /hjuːz/

plural of “hue” — the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

ManxnounUS /mæŋks/

the ancient Gaelic formerly spoken on the Isle of Man; the language is sometimes used on ceremonial occasions

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

marineadjectiveUS /mərˈiːn/

of or relating to the sea

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

nocturnaladjectiveUS /nɑːkˈtɜːrnəl/

belonging to or active during the night

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

partialitynounUS /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

a predisposition to like something

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

pelagicadjectiveUS /pəˈlædʒɪk/

relating to or occurring or living in or frequenting the open ocean

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

Petrelnoun

relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

PetrelsnounUS /ˈpetrəlz/

plural of “petrel” — relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

PlumagenounUS /ˈpluːmədʒ/

the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

relegateverbUS /ˈreləɡeɪt/

refer to another person for decision or judgment

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

renderingnounUS /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

sea-birds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

Shearwaternoun

long-winged oceanic bird that in flight skims close to the waves

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

sombreadjective

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

spotsnounUS /spɑːts/

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

StormyadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

systematists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Petrels—Characteristics—Changes of Plumage—Fulmar Petrel—Fork-tailed Petrel—Stormy Petrel—Manx Shearwater._ Of all sea-birds, the Petrels are the most pelagic.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The Petrels present such exclusively distinctive characters that many systematists relegate them to an order by themselves.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading Their crepuscular, or nocturnal, habits during their short visits to the land to breed, their sombre hues, their low flight, just above the waves, all combine in rendering these birds exceptionally difficult of observation.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

widestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdəst/

superlative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading They are the birds of the wide ocean, even showing small partiality for narrow seas, and chiefly frequenting for breeding purposes only such spots as face the widest expanses of water.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading They are the most marine of birds, yet they form one of the least apparent features in the bird-life of the sea, and more especially when that bird-life is studied from the coast.

Chapter 6 of British Sea Birds by Charles Dixon holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of British Sea Birds contain?

Chapter 6 holds 155 sentences of British Sea Birds, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of British Sea Birds by Charles Dixon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of British Sea Birds?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading British Sea Birds

Common questions about reading British Sea Birds by Charles Dixon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of British Sea Birds?

Yes. All 2544 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47115 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of British Sea Birds is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47115, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does British Sea Birds take to read?

About 212 minutes of reading across 509 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read British Sea Birds section by section

How to work through British Sea Birds section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of British Sea Birds to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in British Sea Birds

Words and structures a reader meets early in British Sea Birds, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gulls
A word that appears in the opening chapter of British Sea Birds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Terns
A word that appears in the opening chapter of British Sea Birds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of British Sea Birds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Changes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of British Sea Birds; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.