Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Brother Against Brother
Brother Against Brother

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Brother Against Brother is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Brother Against Brother
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DR.
FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.
He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.
He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.
During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Brother Against Brother

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Brother Against Brother is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DR.
Line 2
FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.
Line 3
He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.
/hiː hæd ˈɔːfən bɪn kɔːld əˈpɑːn tuː prəˈskraɪb fɔːr ðə sɪk ɔːr ˈɪndʒərd əˈmʌŋ ðə hændz ɑːn ðə ˌplænˈteɪʃən/
Line 4
He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.
Line 5
During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Buck verb US /bʌk/

to strive with determination

From this reading “FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.”

expert adjective US /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading “During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.”

gunshot noun US /ˈɡʌnʃɑːt/

the act of shooting a gun

From this reading “During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.”

Levi noun US /ˈliːvaɪ/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel

From this reading “FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.”

plantation noun US /ˌplænˈteɪʃən/

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

From this reading “He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.”

prescribe verb US /prəˈskraɪb/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading “He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.”

threats noun US /θrets/

plural of “threat” — something that is a source of danger

From this reading “FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.”

wounds noun US /wuːndz/

plural of “wound” — an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading “During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

examined the wound verb + article + noun counted as “examine … wound”

In this reading “He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.”

kind-hearted man adjective + noun

In this reading “FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.”

During the absence preposition + article + noun counted as “during … absence”

In this reading “During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.”

prescribe for verb + particle

In this reading “He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.”

called upon verb + particle counted as “call upon”

In this reading “He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

Bedford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

BuckverbUS /bʌk/

to strive with determination

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

creeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

DR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DR.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

examinedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmənd/

past form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

expertadjectiveUS /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

FALKIRK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

gunshotnounUS /ˈɡʌnʃɑːt/

the act of shooting a gun

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

hangverbUS /hæŋ/

be suspended or hanging

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

injuredadjectiveUS /ˈɪndʒərd/

harmed

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

kind-heartedadjective

having or proceeding from an innately kind disposition

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

Laggernoun

someone who takes more time than necessary; someone who lags behind

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

LevinounUS /ˈliːvaɪ/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

Lyndhall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

plantationnounUS /ˌplænˈteɪʃən/

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

prescribeverbUS /prəˈskraɪb/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

prisonernounUS /ˈprɪzənər/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

RIVERLAWN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

ruffiannoun

a cruel and brutal fellow

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

sickadjectiveUS /sɪk/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

threatsnounUS /θrets/

plural of “threat” — something that is a source of danger

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

treatverbUS /triːt/

interact in a certain way

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He had often been called upon to prescribe for the sick or injured among the hands on the plantation.

VISITSnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading FALKIRK VISITS RIVERLAWN Levi Bedford, in spite of his threats to hang his prisoner, was a kind-hearted man, and he did what he could for the comfort of Buck Lagger.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading He examined the wound of the ruffian; but it was beyond his skill, and he did not attempt to treat the patient.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

woundsnounUS /wuːndz/

plural of “wound” — an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading During the absence of the expedition for the defence of Lyndhall he had done what he could for those who had been wounded on the creek road; but he was not an expert in the treatment of gunshot wounds.

Chapter 31 of Brother Against Brother by Oliver Optic holds 125 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Brother Against Brother contain?

Chapter 31 holds 125 sentences of Brother Against Brother, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Brother Against Brother by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 125 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Brother Against Brother?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Brother Against Brother

Common questions about reading Brother Against Brother by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Brother Against Brother?

Yes. All 4134 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35206 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Brother Against Brother is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35206, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Brother Against Brother take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Brother Against Brother section by section

How to work through Brother Against Brother section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of Brother Against Brother to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Brother Against Brother

Words and structures a reader meets early in Brother Against Brother, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Text-idx
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Against Brother; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kyetexts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Against Brother; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Border
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Against Brother; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Against Brother; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.