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Brother Jonathan
Brother Jonathan

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Brother Jonathan is here in full — 284 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Brother Jonathan
Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.
That war office is a relic room and a library now.
The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.
The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.
In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Brother Jonathan

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Brother Jonathan is here in full — 284 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.
Line 2
That war office is a relic room and a library now.
/ðæt wɔːr ˈɔːfɪs ɪz ə ˈrelɪk ruːm ənd ə ˈlaɪbreriː naʊ/
Line 3
The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.
Line 4
The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.
Line 5
In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commoners noun US /ˈkɑːmənərz/

plural of “commoner” — a person who holds no title

From this reading “The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.”

Conn verb US /kɑːn/

conduct or direct the steering of a ship or plane

From this reading “THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.”

headstones noun US /ˈhedstoʊnz/

plural of “headstone” — the central building block at the top of an arch or vault

From this reading “In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.”

Lebanon noun US /ˈlebənən/

an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean

From this reading “THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.”

signers noun US /ˈsaɪnərz/

plural of “signer” — someone who can use sign language to communicate

From this reading “In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.”

Trumbull noun US /ˈtrʌmbəl/

American Revolutionary leader who as governor of Connecticut provided supplies for the Continental Army (1710-1785)

From this reading “The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.”

Washington's noun US /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

zigzag verb US /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/

travel along a zigzag path

From this reading “In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on the hillside preposition + article + noun counted as “on … hillside”

In this reading “The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.”

village green noun + noun

a village park consisting of a plot of grassy land

In this reading “The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That war office is a relic room and a library now.

Alden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That war office is a relic room and a library now.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

bordersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

BrothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

CEDARSnounUS /ˈsiːdərz/

plural of “cedar” — any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

colonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

commonersnounUS /ˈkɑːmənərz/

plural of “commoner” — a person who holds no title

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

ConnverbUS /kɑːn/

conduct or direct the steering of a ship or plane

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

consultverbUS /kənˈsʌlt/

get or ask advice from

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

crumblingverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

DeclarationnounUS /ˌdeklərˈeɪʃən/

a statement that is emphatic and explicit (spoken or written)

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

enlivenedadjectiveUS /enˈlaɪvənd/

made sprightly or cheerful

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

graveyardnounUS /ˈɡreɪvjɑːrd/

a tract of land used for burials

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

headstonesnounUS /ˈhedstoʊnz/

plural of “headstone” — the central building block at the top of an arch or vault

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

hillsidenounUS /ˈhɪlsaɪd/

the side or slope of a hill

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

humiliationnounUS /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/

state of disgrace or loss of self-respect

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

INCIDENTSnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

IndependencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

INDIANadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

JonathannounUS /ˈdʒɑːnəθən/

red late-ripening apple; primarily eaten raw

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

LebanonnounUS /ˈlebənən/

an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading That war office is a relic room and a library now.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

mossyadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːsi/

overgrown with moss

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading That war office is a relic room and a library now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

OFFICEnounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

PrescottnounUS /ˈpreskɑːt/

a town in central Arizona

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

queeradjectiveUS /kwɪr/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

relicnounUS /ˈrelɪk/

an antiquity that has survived from the distant past

From this reading That war office is a relic room and a library now.

restsnounUS /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

reviewedverbUS /riˈvjuːd/

past form of “review” — look at again; examine again

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

RevolutionaryadjectiveUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri/

markedly new or introducing radical change

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

Rochambeaunoun

French general who commanded French troops in the American Revolution, notably at Yorktown (1725-1807)

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading That war office is a relic room and a library now.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

signersnounUS /ˈsaɪnərz/

plural of “signer” — someone who can use sign language to communicate

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

sleepsnounUS /sliːps/

plural of “sleep” — a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

stressnounUS /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

TALEnounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

TavernnounUS /ˈtævərn/

a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That war office is a relic room and a library now.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

TrumbullnounUS /ˈtrʌmbəl/

American Revolutionary leader who as governor of Connecticut provided supplies for the Continental Army (1710-1785)

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

Trumbull's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE WAR OFFICE IN THE CEDARS――AN INDIAN TALE――INCIDENTS The old war office at Lebanon, Conn., is still to be seen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

Washington'snounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The great cedars are gone that once surrounded it, and the old Alden Tavern, which was enlivened by colonial tales, and in later times by the queer Revolutionary tale of the humiliation of the captured Prescott, has now left behind it the borders of the village green.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

WilliamsnounUS /ˈwɪljəmz/

United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

wind-swept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ground where Washington reviewed the army of Rochambeau is still held sacred, and near by rises the church of the Revolution, and in a wind-swept New England graveyard, on the hillside, in a crumbling tomb, sleeps Governor Trumbull, Washington’s “Brother Jonathan,” whom the great leader of the soldier commoners used to consult in every stress of the war.

zigzagverbUS /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/

travel along a zigzag path

From this reading In the same lot of rude, mossy, zigzag headstones rests one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, William Williams, who married Governor Trumbull’s daughter.

Chapter 6 of Brother Jonathan by Hezekiah Butterworth holds 284 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Brother Jonathan contain?

Chapter 6 holds 284 sentences of Brother Jonathan, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Brother Jonathan by Hezekiah Butterworth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 284 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Brother Jonathan?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Brother Jonathan

Common questions about reading Brother Jonathan by Hezekiah Butterworth on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Brother Jonathan?

Yes. All 4370 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64126 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Brother Jonathan is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64126, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Brother Jonathan take to read?

About 364 minutes of reading across 874 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Brother Jonathan section by section

How to work through Brother Jonathan section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Brother Jonathan to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Brother Jonathan

Words and structures a reader meets early in Brother Jonathan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Jonathan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Audubon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Jonathan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boyhood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Jonathan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lincoln
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brother Jonathan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.