Chapter II · Chapter 2

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

later than; following

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

-ing form of “battle” — battle or contend against in or as if in a battle

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

have

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

the soft brown fur of the beaver

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

to come or go into

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

the expensive white fur of the ermine

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

the state or fact of existing

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

an artful or simulated semblance

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

a region in northmost Europe inhabited by Lapps

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

not any; not one

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

a full supply

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called “reindeer” in Eurasia and “caribou” in North America

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

get by special effort

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

plural of “skin” — a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

for that reason; as a result

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He was one of those who had no reindeer; and was therefore forced to depend on the chase for his subsistence.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They had taken proper measures to secure success.

forced to turn and face attackers

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

precisely as stated

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

at the time that

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

in or at the place that

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

which person or people

From this reading They had secured the services of a guide, who engaged to conduct them to a district where bears existed in great plenty, and where he himself lived in a state almost as savage as the bears--for he was a true Laplander and lived in a tent in the very heart of the mountains.

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

in the company of; together with

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading He trapped the ermine and beaver--killed the wild reindeer when he could--spent his whole life in battling with wolves and bears; and with the skins of these animals--which he sold to the fur-traders-- he was able to supply himself with the few necessaries which such a state of existence called for.

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In such guise did our young hunters enter the mountains of Lapland; and commence their search after the "old man in the fur coat," as the Laplanders term the bear.