Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer
Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RUNNING THE GANTLET.
Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.
He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.
He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.
"By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RUNNING THE GANTLET.
/ˈrʌnɪŋ ðə ˈɡɔːntlət/
Line 2
Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.
/ˈdɑːktər dɪk əˈɡriːd tuː draɪv ðə koʊtʃ bæk ɑːn kənˈdɪʃən ðæt ðə ˈdraɪvər huː keɪm tuː teɪk tʃɑːrdʒ ʃʊd kʌm ɑːn tuː læst tʃæns ɑːn ˈhɔːrsbæk ənd biː ˈredi tuː kʌm bæk wɪð ɪt/
Line 3
He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.
/hiː hæd ʃoʊn ðæt hiː dɪd nɑːt fɪr ðə draɪv bʌt hɪz ˈbɪznəs ənd prəˈfeʃənəl ˈduːtiz dɪˈmændəd ðæt hiː ʃʊd biː æt læst tʃæns ənd ðer hiː mʌst rɪˈmeɪn/
Line 4
He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.
/hiː wɑːz ˈsiːkrɪtli toʊld baɪ ðə ˈeɪdʒənt ðæt ðer wɑːz ə ˈvæljəbəl meɪl tuː ɡoʊ θruː ɪn ˈredʒɪstərd ˈletərz ənd æskt ɪf hiː derd rɪsk ˈkæriɪŋ ðem/
Line 5
"By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.
/baɪ ɔːl miːnz sɜːr fɔːr aɪ æm ˈdraɪvɪŋ tuː duː maɪ fʊl ˈduːti wɑːz ðə ˈænsər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agent noun US /ˈeɪdʒənt/

an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading “He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.”

coach verb US /koʊtʃ/

teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports

From this reading “Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.”

gantlet noun US /ˈɡɔːntlət/

to offer or accept a challenge

From this reading “RUNNING THE GANTLET.”

horseback noun US /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading “Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.”

mail noun US /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading “He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.”

professional adjective US /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading “He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.”

registered adjective US /ˈredʒɪstərd/

(of animals) officially recorded with or certified by a recognized breed association; especially in a stud book

From this reading “He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.”

secretly adverb US /ˈsiːkrɪtli/

in secrecy; not openly

From this reading “He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on horseback preposition + noun

In this reading “Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.”

professional duties adjective + noun counted as “professional duty”

In this reading “He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.”

come back verb + particle

be restored

In this reading “Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.”

go through verb + particle

undergo or live through a difficult experience

In this reading “He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.”

Last Chance adjective + noun

In this reading “Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.”

all means adjective + noun

In this reading “"By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.”

on condition preposition + noun

In this reading “Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

agentnounUS /ˈeɪdʒənt/

an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

agreedadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːd/

united by being of the same opinion

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

ChancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

coachverbUS /koʊtʃ/

teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

DicknounUS /dɪk/

someone who is a detective

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

DoctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

drivernounUS /ˈdraɪvər/

the operator of a motor vehicle

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

GANTLETnounUS /ˈɡɔːntlət/

to offer or accept a challenge

From this reading RUNNING THE GANTLET.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

horsebacknounUS /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

LastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

mailnounUS /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

registeredadjectiveUS /ˈredʒɪstərd/

(of animals) officially recorded with or certified by a recognized breed association; especially in a stud book

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

risknounUS /rɪsk/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

RUNNINGadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading RUNNING THE GANTLET.

secretlyadverbUS /ˈsiːkrɪtli/

in secrecy; not openly

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading "By all means, sir, for I am driving to do my full duty," was the answer.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading RUNNING THE GANTLET.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He had shown that he did not fear the drive, but his business and professional duties demanded that he should be at Last Chance, and there he must remain.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was secretly told by the agent that there was a valuable mail to go through in registered letters, and asked if he dared risk carrying them.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Doctor Dick agreed to drive the coach back on condition that the driver who came to take charge should come on to Last Chance on horseback and be ready to come back with it.

Chapter 11 of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer by Prentiss Ingraham holds 77 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer contain?

Chapter 11 holds 77 sentences of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer by Prentiss Ingraham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 77 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer

Common questions about reading Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer by Prentiss Ingraham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29792 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29792, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer section by section

How to work through Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer

Words and structures a reader meets early in Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Celebrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Buffalo
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Bill's Spy Trailer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.