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Buffalo Land
Buffalo Land

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Buffalo Land is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
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CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.
The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).
The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.
Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.
Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Buffalo Land

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Buffalo Land is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.
Line 2
The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).
Line 3
The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.
/ðə fɜːrst mʌst hæv bɪn əˈbʌndənt ənd ɪts leŋkθ kʊd nɑːt hæv bɪn fɑːr frʌm ˈsɪksti fiːt ˈsɜːrtənli nɑːt les/
Line 4
Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.
Line 5
Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.
/ðoʊ ˈklʌmzi ɪn əˈpɪrəns sʌtʃ æn ərˈeɪndʒmənt mʌst hæv bɪn ɪˈfektɪv æz ə ræm ənd ˈdeɪndʒərəs tuː hɪz ˈenəmiz ɪn keɪs ʌv kəˈlɪʒən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

collision noun US /kəˈlɪʒən/

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together

From this reading “Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.”

cope verb US /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading “CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.”

correspondingly adverb US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli/

in a corresponding manner

From this reading “Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.”

fossils noun US /ˈfɑːsəlz/

plural of “fossil” — someone whose style is out of fashion

From this reading “CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.”

geology noun US /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading “CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.”

Kansas noun US /ˈkænzəs/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading “The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).”

reminding verb US /riˈmaɪndɪŋ/

-ing form of “remind” — put in the mind of someone

From this reading “Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.”

sturgeon noun US /ˈstɜːrdʒən/

large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone

From this reading “Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixty feet adjective + noun counted as “sixty foot”

In this reading “The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.”

in case preposition + noun

if there happens to be need

In this reading “Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

blunt-nosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

clumsyadjectiveUS /ˈklʌmzi/

lacking grace in movement or posture

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

collisionnounUS /kəˈlɪʒən/

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

CONTINUEDadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

COPEverbUS /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

correspondinglyadverbUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli/

in a corresponding manner

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

DISCOVERIESnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəriz/

plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

dyspelor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

effectiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪv/

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

FOSSILSnounUS /ˈfɑːsəlz/

plural of “fossil” — someone whose style is out of fashion

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

GALEnounUS /ɡeɪl/

a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

GEOLOGYnounUS /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

GIANTSnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənts/

plural of “giant” — any creature of exceptional size

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

INTERESTINGadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

jawverbUS /dʒɔː/

talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

KansasnounUS /ˈkænzəs/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

Liodon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

muzzlenounUS /ˈmʌzəl/

the open circular discharging end of a gun

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

OUTadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

physiognomynoun

the human face (“kisser” and “smiler” and “mug” are informal terms for “face” and “phiz” is British)

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

PLAINSnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

projectingadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

proriger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

Pythonomorphs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The giants of the Pythonomorphs of Kansas have been called _Liodon proriger_ (Cope) and _Liodon dyspelor_ (Cope).

ramverbUS /ræm/

strike or drive against with a heavy impact

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

remindingverbUS /riˈmaɪndɪŋ/

-ing form of “remind” — put in the mind of someone

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

resemblancenounUS /rɪˈzembləns/

similarity in appearance or external or superficial details

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

SEASnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading The first must have been abundant, and its length could not have been far from sixty feet, certainly not less.

sturgeonnounUS /ˈstɜːrdʒən/

large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

TAKINGnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CONTINUED BY COPE--THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS--TAKING OUT FOSSILS IN A GALE--INTERESTING DISCOVERIES--THE GEOLOGY OF THE PLAINS.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Though clumsy in appearance, such an arrangement must have been effective as a ram, and dangerous to his enemies in case of collision.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Its physiognomy was rendered peculiar by a long projecting muzzle, reminding one of that of the blunt-nosed sturgeon of our coast, but the resemblance was destroyed by the correspondingly massive end of the branches of the lower jaw.

Chapter 18 of Buffalo Land by W. E. (William Edward) Webb holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Buffalo Land contain?

Chapter 18 holds 144 sentences of Buffalo Land, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Buffalo Land by W. E. (William Edward) Webb exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Buffalo Land?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Buffalo Land

Common questions about reading Buffalo Land by W. E. (William Edward) Webb on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Buffalo Land?

Yes. All 4379 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39674 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Buffalo Land is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39674, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Buffalo Land take to read?

About 364 minutes of reading across 876 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Buffalo Land section by section

How to work through Buffalo Land section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Buffalo Land to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Buffalo Land

Words and structures a reader meets early in Buffalo Land, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capital
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Replaced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capitals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.