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Buffalo Land
Buffalo Land

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Buffalo Land is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Buffalo Land
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.
The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.
What a rare set they are, though!
No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.
The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Buffalo Land

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Buffalo Land is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.
Line 2
The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.
Line 3
What a rare set they are, though!
/wʌt ə rer set ðeɪ ɑːr ðoʊ/
Line 4
No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.
/noʊ tuː ðæt aɪ ˈevər sɔː wɜːr ˈnɪrli əˈlaɪk ənd ðeɪ rɪˈzembəl nɑːt wʌn dɪˈstɪŋktɪv klæs bʌt ə ˈnʌmbər/
Line 5
The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adobe noun US /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading “THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.”

artistically adverb US /ɑːrˈtɪstɪkli/

in an artistic manner

From this reading “The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.”

builders noun US /ˈbɪldərz/

plural of “builder” — a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action

From this reading “THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.”

distinctive adjective US /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing

From this reading “No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.”

jamaica noun US /dʒəˈmeɪkə/

a country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism

From this reading “THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.”

locomotive noun US /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading “The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.”

robbing verb US /ˈrɑːbɪŋ/

inflected form of “rob” — take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading “THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.”

whips noun US /wɪps/

plural of “whip” — an instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping

From this reading “The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

rapidly becoming adverb + adjective

In this reading “The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.”

STAGE DRIVERS noun + noun counted as “stage driver”

In this reading “THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.”

sharp corners adjective + noun counted as “sharp corner”

In this reading “The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.”

into the arms preposition + article + noun counted as “into … arms”

In this reading “The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

ACQUAINTANCEnounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

ADOBEnounUS /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

alikeadverbUS /əˈlaɪk/

equally

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

artisticallyadverbUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪkli/

in an artistic manner

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

BEADSnounUS /biːdz/

several beads threaded together on a string

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

BOBverbUS /bɑːb/

move up and down repeatedly

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

buffalonounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

BUILDERSnounUS /ˈbɪldərz/

plural of “builder” — a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

CHEAPadjectiveUS /tʃiːp/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

continuallyadverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəli/

seemingly without interruption

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

cow-catcher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

crackverbUS /kræk/

become fractured; break or crack on the surface only

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

DEADadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

distinctiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

DRIVERSnounUS /ˈdraɪvərz/

plural of “driver” — the operator of a motor vehicle

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

GINGERnounUS /ˈdʒɪndʒər/

perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

HOUSESnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

INDIANadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

inheritancenounUS /ˌɪnˈherətəns/

hereditary succession to a title or an office or property

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

JAMAICAnounUS /dʒəˈmeɪkə/

a country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

Jehus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

LEAFnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

LIVINGnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

locomotivenounUS /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

LOSTadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

MOUNDnounUS /maʊnd/

(baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

PASTnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

patternsnounUS /ˈpætərnz/

plural of “pattern” — a perceptual structure

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

PLAINSnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

pushedverbUS /pʊʃt/

past form of “push” — move with force

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

RAINnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading What a rare set they are, though!

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

resembleverbUS /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

ROBBINGverbUS /ˈrɑːbɪŋ/

inflected form of “rob” — take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

seatsnounUS /siːts/

an area that includes places where several people can sit

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading What a rare set they are, though!

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

SPECULATIONSnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

STAGEnounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading What a rare set they are, though!

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading What a rare set they are, though!

tossingverbUS /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

TOWERSnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

TRADITIONSnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

WATCHverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS--OLD BOB--"JAMAICA AND GINGER"--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE--BEADS OF THE PAST--ROBBING THE DEAD--A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS--INDIAN TRADITIONS--SPECULATIONS--ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN--CHEAP LIVING--WATCH TOWERS.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading No two that I ever saw were nearly alike, and they resemble not one distinctive class, but a number.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What a rare set they are, though!

whipsnounUS /wɪps/

plural of “whip” — an instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Jehus who crack their whips over the buffalo grass region, and turn their leaders artistically around sharp corners in rude towns, are made up on a variety of patterns.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The stage drivers of the plains are rapidly becoming another inheritance of the past, pushed out of existence by the locomotive, whose cow-catcher is continually tossing them from their high seats into the arms of History.

Chapter 20 of Buffalo Land by W. E. (William Edward) Webb holds 189 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Buffalo Land contain?

Chapter 20 holds 189 sentences of Buffalo Land, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Buffalo Land by W. E. (William Edward) Webb exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 189 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Buffalo Land?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Buffalo Land

Common questions about reading Buffalo Land by W. E. (William Edward) Webb on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Buffalo Land?

Yes. All 4379 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39674 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Buffalo Land is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39674, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Buffalo Land take to read?

About 364 minutes of reading across 876 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Buffalo Land section by section

How to work through Buffalo Land section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Buffalo Land to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Buffalo Land

Words and structures a reader meets early in Buffalo Land, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capital
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Replaced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capitals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Buffalo Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.