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By England's Aid
By England's Aid

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of By England's Aid is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
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THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.
Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.
He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.
The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.
Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

By England's Aid

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of By England's Aid is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.
Line 2
Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.
/ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ hɪz fɜːrst steɪ ɪn ˈhɑːlənd hiː hæd naʊ bɪn ðer eɪˈtiːn mʌnθs ənd æz hiː wɑːz ɪn ˈkɑːnstənt kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃənz wɪð ðə dʌtʃ ˈɔːfəsərz ənd wɪð ðə ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən hiː hæd ˈkɑːnstənt əˈkeɪʒən fɔːr ˈspiːkɪŋ dʌtʃ ə ˈlæŋɡwədʒ mʌtʃ mɔːr əˈkɪn tuː ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ðæn ˈeni ˈʌðər ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl tʌŋ ənd ˌɪnˈdiːd soʊ ˈkloʊsli əˈlaɪd tuː ðə ˈdaɪəlekt ʌv ðə ˈiːstərn ˈkaʊntiz ʌv ˈɪŋɡlənd ðæt ðə ˈfɪʃərmɪn ʌv ˈaʊər ˈiːstərn pɔːrts hæd ɪn ðoʊz deɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪfəkəlti ɪn kənˈvɜːrsɪŋ wɪð ðə ˈhɑːləndərz/
Line 3
He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.
Line 4
The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.
/ðə ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən tɜːrnd əˈpɑːn ðə ˈprɑːspekts ʌv ðə kæmˈpeɪn ʌv ðə ˈensuːɪŋ sprɪŋ/
Line 5
Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commanders noun US /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.”

communications noun US /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃənz/

the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.)

From this reading “Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.”

counties noun US /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading “Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.”

ensuing adjective US /ˈensuːɪŋ/

following immediately and as a result of what went before

From this reading “The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.”

fluently adverb US /ˈfluːəntli/

in a fluent manner

From this reading “THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.”

Hollanders noun US /ˈhɑːləndərz/

plural of “hollander” — a native or inhabitant of Holland

From this reading “Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.”

inactivity noun US /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

the state of being inactive

From this reading “Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.”

ports noun US /pɔːrts/

plural of “port” — a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading “Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1590

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

akinadjectiveUS /əˈkɪn/

similar in quality or character

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

alliedadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

assumeverbUS /əˈsuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

attentivelyadverbUS /əˈtentɪvli/

with attention; in an attentive manner

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

BREDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

campaignnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

communicationsnounUS /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃənz/

the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.)

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

continentaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.

conversingverbUS /kənˈvɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “converse” — carry on a conversation

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

countiesnounUS /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

dialectnounUS /ˈdaɪəlekt/

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

ensuingadjectiveUS /ˈensuːɪŋ/

following immediately and as a result of what went before

From this reading The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

fishermennounUS /ˈfɪʃərmɪn/

plural of “fisherman” — someone whose occupation is catching fish

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

fluentlyadverbUS /ˈfluːəntli/

in a fluent manner

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

HollandnounUS /ˈhɑːlənd/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

HollandersnounUS /ˈhɑːləndərz/

plural of “hollander” — a native or inhabitant of Holland

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

inactivitynounUS /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

the state of being inactive

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

IncludingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

Lionel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

Maurice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

offensiveadjectiveUS /əˈfensɪv/

violating or tending to violate or offend against

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

portsnounUS /pɔːrts/

plural of “port” — a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

prospectsnounUS /ˈprɑːspekts/

plural of “prospect” — the possibility of future success

From this reading The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

suppingnoun

ingestion of liquid food with a spoon or by drinking

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

SURPRISEnounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The conversation turned upon the prospects of the campaign of the ensuing spring.

Vere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

Vickars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading THE SURPRISE OF BREDA Lionel Vickars had, by the beginning of 1590, come to speak the Dutch language well and fluently.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Lionel, of course, took no part in it, but listened attentively to what was being said and was very pleased to find that the period of inactivity was drawing to an end, and that their commanders considered that they had now gathered a force of sufficient strength to assume the offensive.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was one day supping with Sir Francis Vere when Prince Maurice and several of his officers were also there.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Including his first stay in Holland he had now been there eighteen months, and as he was in constant communications with the Dutch officers and with the population, he had constant occasion for speaking Dutch, a language much more akin to English than any other continental tongue, and indeed so closely allied to the dialect of the eastern counties of England, that the fishermen of our eastern ports had in those days little difficulty in conversing with the Hollanders.

Chapter 13 of By England's Aid by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 231 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of By England's Aid contain?

Chapter 13 holds 231 sentences of By England's Aid, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of By England's Aid by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 231 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of By England's Aid?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading By England's Aid

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Is this the complete text of By England's Aid?

Yes. All 4840 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6953 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of By England's Aid is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6953, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does By England's Aid take to read?

About 403 minutes of reading across 968 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in By England's Aid

Words and structures a reader meets early in By England's Aid, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Minutes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Master
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lirriper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alongside
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.