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By England's Aid
By England's Aid

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of By England's Aid is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.
The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.
In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.
There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.
Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

By England's Aid

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of By England's Aid is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.
Line 2
The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.
Line 3
In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.
Line 4
There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.
/ðer ˈæftər ə ˈskɜːrmɪʃ wɪð ðə ˈspænjərdz ðeɪ ˈskætərd əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈaɪləndz bʌt mɪst ðə ɡreɪt ˈspænɪʃ fliːt ˈleɪdən wɪð ˈsɪlvər frʌm ðə west ənd ˈfaɪnəli rɪˈtɜːrnd tuː ˈɪŋɡlənd wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ əˈkɑːmplɪʃt ˈeniθɪŋ waɪl ðeɪ ˈsʌfərd frʌm əˈnʌðər ˈtempəst ɑːn ðer weɪ hoʊm ənd riːtʃt ˈplɪməθ wɪð ˈdɪfəkəlti/
Line 5
Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Azores noun US /əˈzɔːrz/

islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal

From this reading “In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.”

Cadiz noun US /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading “THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.”

disabled noun US /dɪˈseɪbəld/

people collectively who are crippled or otherwise physically handicapped

From this reading “The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.”

invading adjective US /ˌɪnˈveɪdɪŋ/

involving invasion or aggressive attack

From this reading “THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.”

invasion noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading “Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.”

Plymouth noun US /ˈplɪməθ/

a town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620

From this reading “The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.”

retaliation noun US /riˌtæliˈeɪʃən/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading “THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.”

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

AzoresnounUS /əˈzɔːrz/

islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

batteredadjectiveUS /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

Biscay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

CadiznounUS /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

disablednounUS /dɪˈseɪbəld/

people collectively who are crippled or otherwise physically handicapped

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

Falmouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

Ferrol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

FortunatelyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by good fortune

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

invadingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdɪŋ/

involving invasion or aggressive attack

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

ladenadjectiveUS /ˈleɪdən/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

Lionel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

missedadjectiveUS /mɪst/

not caught with the senses or the mind

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

NIEUPORT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

PlymouthnounUS /ˈplɪməθ/

a town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

retaliationnounUS /riˌtæliˈeɪʃən/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

skirmishnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

tempestnounUS /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Fortunately the same storm scattered and destroyed the great Spanish fleet at Ferrol, and the weather thus for the second time saved England from invasion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

Vere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

Vickars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The expedition met with terrible weather in the Bay of Biscay, and put back scattered and disabled to Plymouth and Falmouth.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In August they again sailed, but were so battered by another storm that the expedition against Ferrol was abandoned, and they sailed to the Azores.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading There, after a skirmish with the Spaniards, they scattered among the islands, but missed the great Spanish fleet laden with silver from the west, and finally returned to England without having accomplished anything, while they suffered from another tempest on their way home, and reached Plymouth with difficulty.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading THE BATTLE OF NIEUPORT The year after the capture of Cadiz, Lionel Vickars sailed under Sir Francis Vere with the expedition designed to attack the fleet which Philip of Spain had gathered in Ferrol, with the intention, it was believed, of invading Ireland in retaliation for the disaster at Cadiz.

Chapter 20 of By England's Aid by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of By England's Aid contain?

Chapter 20 holds 138 sentences of By England's Aid, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of By England's Aid by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6953, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 403 minutes of reading across 968 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in By England's Aid

Words and structures a reader meets early in By England's Aid, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Minutes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Master
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lirriper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alongside
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By England's Aid; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.