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By Neva's waters
By Neva's waters

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of By Neva's waters is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?
Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.
But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?
He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.
Second the Czar’s adversary!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

By Neva's waters

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of By Neva's waters is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THIS DUEL MUST NOT BEWilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?
Line 2
Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.
Line 3
But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?
/bʌt huː wʊd ker tuː biː hɪz kəmˈpænjən ɪn ə ˈventʃər soʊ ˈperələs/
Line 4
He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.
Line 5
Second the Czar’s adversary!
/ˈsekənd ðə zɑːrz ˈædvərseri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adversary noun US /ˈædvərseri/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading “Second the Czar’s adversary!”

advisable adjective US /ədˈvaɪzəbəl/

worthy of being recommended or suggested; prudent or wise

From this reading “Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.”

Czar noun US /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading ““THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?”

Czar's noun US /zɑːrz/

possessive form of “czar” — a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

duel noun US /ˈduːəl/

a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading ““THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?”

perilous adjective US /ˈperələs/

fraught with danger

From this reading “But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?”

Petersburg noun US /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading “He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.”

rely verb US /rɪˈlaɪ/

have faith or confidence in

From this reading “He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

high opinion adjective + noun

In this reading “Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.”

ran over verb + particle counted as “run over”

injure or kill by knocking (someone or something) down and passing over the body, as with a vehicle

In this reading “He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

acquaintancesnounUS /əˈkweɪntənsɪz/

plural of “acquaintance” — personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

adversarynounUS /ˈædvərseri/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading Second the Czar’s adversary!

advisableadjectiveUS /ədˈvaɪzəbəl/

worthy of being recommended or suggested; prudent or wise

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

BEauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

boastverbUS /boʊst/

show off

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

CzarnounUS /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

Czar'snounUS /zɑːrz/

possessive form of “czar” — a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

DUELnounUS /ˈduːəl/

a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

MUSTmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

NOTadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

perilousadjectiveUS /ˈperələs/

fraught with danger

From this reading But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

relyverbUS /rɪˈlaɪ/

have faith or confidence in

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

statementnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənt/

a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

THISdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading But who would care to be his companion in a venture so perilous?

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading He rapidly ran over in his mind the limited circle of friends, or rather of acquaintances, he had made in St. Petersburg, and knew full well there was not one upon whose spirit he could rely.

Wilfrid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

Wilfrid's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading Having no very high opinion of the Czar’s honour, Wilfrid considered it advisable to have a friendly witness to see fair play.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “THIS DUEL MUST NOT BE” Wilfrid’s statement that he would face the Czar in duel was no boast, but who should be his second?

Chapter 22 of By Neva's waters by John R. Carling holds 234 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of By Neva's waters contain?

Chapter 22 holds 234 sentences of By Neva's waters, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of By Neva's waters by John R. Carling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 234 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of By Neva's waters?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading By Neva's waters

Common questions about reading By Neva's waters by John R. Carling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of By Neva's waters?

Yes. All 6228 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #74736 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of By Neva's waters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #74736, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 519 minutes of reading across 1246 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in By Neva's waters

Words and structures a reader meets early in By Neva's waters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By Neva's waters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Episode
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By Neva's waters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Secret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By Neva's waters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By Neva's waters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.