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By What Authority?
By What Authority?

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of By What Authority? is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for By What Authority?
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.
Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.
Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.
It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.
The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

By What Authority?

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of By What Authority? is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.
/ˈvɪlədʒ ˈdʒʌstəs ðə ˈvɪlədʒ hæd ˈnevər noʊn sʌtʃ æn əˈweɪkənɪŋ æz ɑːn ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ðæt ˈfɑːloʊd sɜːr ˈnɪkələs ərˈest/
Line 2
Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.
Line 3
Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.
Line 4
It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.
/ɪt wɑːz suːn noʊn ðæt ðə ˈrektəri ˈhaʊshoʊld hæd hæd ə ˈfɔːrmoʊst hænd ɪn ðə əˈfer/
Line 5
The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ale noun US /eɪl/

a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume

From this reading “The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.”

awakening noun US /əˈweɪkənɪŋ/

the act of waking

From this reading “VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.”

foremost adjective US /ˈfɔːrmoʊst/

ranking above all others

From this reading “It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.”

groom verb US /ɡruːm/

educate for a future role or function

From this reading “The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.”

hamlets noun US /ˈhæmləts/

plural of “hamlet” — a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading “Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.”

outlying adjective US /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading “Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.”

Rectory noun US /ˈrektəri/

an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector

From this reading “It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.”

sifted verb US /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading “Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

affairnounUS /əˈfer/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

alenounUS /eɪl/

a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

arrestverbUS /ərˈest/

take into custody

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

awakeningnounUS /əˈweɪkənɪŋ/

the act of waking

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

church-bell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

discussedverbUS /dɪˈskʌst/

past form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

disorganisedadjective

lacking order or methodical arrangement or function

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

driftedverbUS /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

encouragedadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

foremostadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmoʊst/

ranking above all others

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

groomverbUS /ɡruːm/

educate for a future role or function

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

half-dressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

hamletsnounUS /ˈhæmləts/

plural of “hamlet” — a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

JUSTICEnounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

keynounUS /kiː/

metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

kneenounUS /niː/

hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

NicholasnounUS /ˈnɪkələs/

a bishop in Asia Minor who is associated with Santa Claus (4th century)

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

outlyingadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

re-formedadjective

formed again or anew

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

RectorynounUS /ˈrektəri/

an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

siftedverbUS /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading It was soon known that the Rectory household had had a foremost hand in the affair.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

strokenounUS /stroʊk/

(sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Before seven o'clock every house knew it, and children ran half-dressed to the outlying hamlets to tell the story.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

VILLAGEnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading VILLAGE JUSTICE The village had never known such an awakening as on the morning that followed Sir Nicholas' arrest.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The groom, who had been present at the actual departure of the prisoners had told the story of the black figure that ran out of the door, and of what was cried at the old man's knee; and how he had not moved nor spoken in answer; and Thomas, the Rectory boy, was stopped as he went across the green in the evening and threatened and encouraged until he told of the stroke on the church-bell, and the Rectory key, and the little company that had sat all the afternoon in the kitchen over their ale.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Very little work was done that day, for the estate was disorganised; and the men had little heart for work; and there were groups all day on the green, which formed and re-formed and drifted here and there and discussed and sifted the evidence.

Chapter 8 of By What Authority? by Robert Hugh Benson holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of By What Authority? contain?

Chapter 8 holds 109 sentences of By What Authority?, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of By What Authority? by Robert Hugh Benson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of By What Authority??

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading By What Authority?

Common questions about reading By What Authority? by Robert Hugh Benson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of By What Authority??

Yes. All 8425 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19697 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of By What Authority? is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19697, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does By What Authority? take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through By What Authority? section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in By What Authority?

Words and structures a reader meets early in By What Authority?, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Anthony
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norris
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
King's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.