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By What Authority?
By What Authority?

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of By What Authority? is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for By What Authority?
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.
There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.
Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.
The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.
The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

By What Authority?

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of By What Authority? is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.
/ˈænθəni ɪn ˈlʌndən ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ə ˈneɪʃən ɪz ˈstreɪndʒli ˈperəleld baɪ ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv æn ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/
Line 2
There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.
Line 3
Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.
Line 4
The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.
/ðə reɪn ʌv ɪˈlɪzəbəθ ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪð ðɪs steɪdʒ ɪn ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ˈɪŋɡlənd/
Line 5
The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adolescence noun US /ˌædəˈlesəns/

the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood

From this reading “There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.”

coincided verb US /ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd/

past form of “coincide” — go with, fall together

From this reading “The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.”

contours noun US /ˈkɑːntʊrz/

plural of “contour” — a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal height

From this reading “There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.”

paralleled verb US /ˈperəleld/

past form of “parallel” — be parallel to

From this reading “ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.”

quieted verb US /ˈkwaɪətɪd/

past form of “quiet” — become quiet or quieter

From this reading “There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.”

self-consciousness noun US /ˌselfˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

embarrassment deriving from the feeling that others are critically aware of you

From this reading “There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.”

undeniably adverb US /ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbli/

to an undeniable degree or in an undeniable manner

From this reading “Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.”

whims noun US /wɪmz/

plural of “whim” — a sudden desire

From this reading “There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

abruptadjectiveUS /əˈbrʌpt/

marked by sudden changes in subject and sharp transitions

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

adolescencenounUS /ˌædəˈlesəns/

the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

ANTHONYnounUS /ˈænθəni/

Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

attendantnounUS /əˈtendənt/

someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

awaking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

awkwardadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkwərd/

causing inconvenience

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

brutalitynounUS /bruːˈtæləti/

the trait of extreme cruelty

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

catastrophenounUS /kəˈtæstrəfi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

coincidedverbUS /ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd/

past form of “coincide” — go with, fall together

From this reading The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

contoursnounUS /ˈkɑːntʊrz/

plural of “contour” — a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal height

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

discomforts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

DrakenounUS /dreɪk/

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

hastyadjectiveUS /ˈheɪsti/

excessively quick

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

HawkinsnounUS /ˈhɔːkɪnz/

English privateer involved in the slave trade; later helped build the fleet that in 1588 defeated the Spanish Armada (1532-1595)

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

minglingnounUS /ˈmɪŋɡəlɪŋ/

the action of people mingling and coming into contact

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

paralleledverbUS /ˈperəleld/

past form of “parallel” — be parallel to

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

quietedverbUS /ˈkwaɪətɪd/

past form of “quiet” — become quiet or quieter

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

refinementnounUS /rəˈfaɪnmənt/

a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.

rousedverbUS /raʊzd/

past form of “rouse” — become active

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

self-consciousnessnounUS /ˌselfˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

embarrassment deriving from the feeling that others are critically aware of you

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

stirringnounUS /ˈstɜːrɪŋ/

agitating a liquid with an implement

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

strangelyadverbUS /ˈstreɪndʒli/

in a strange manner

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

stupiditynounUS /stuːˈpɪdɪtiː/

a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

succeedverbUS /səkˈsiːd/

attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

tendernessnounUS /ˈtendərnəs/

a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ANTHONY IN LONDON The development of a nation is strangely paralleled by the development of an individual.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

undeniablyadverbUS /ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbli/

to an undeniable degree or in an undeniable manner

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

vigournoun

forceful exertion

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

whimsnounUS /wɪmz/

plural of “whim” — a sudden desire

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading There comes in both a period of adolescence, of the stirring of new powers, of an increase of strength, of the dawn of new ideals, of the awaking of self-consciousness; contours become defined and abrupt, awkward and hasty movements succeed to the grace of childhood; and there is a curious mingling of refinement and brutality, stupidity and tenderness; the will is subject to whims; it is easily roused and not so easily quieted.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The reign of Elizabeth coincided with this stage in the development of England.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet in spite of the attendant discomforts the whole period is undeniably one of growth.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The young vigour was beginning to stir--and Hawkins and Drake taught the world that it was so, and that when England stretched herself catastrophe abroad must follow.

Chapter 12 of By What Authority? by Robert Hugh Benson holds 217 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of By What Authority? contain?

Chapter 12 holds 217 sentences of By What Authority?, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of By What Authority? by Robert Hugh Benson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 217 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of By What Authority??

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading By What Authority?

Common questions about reading By What Authority? by Robert Hugh Benson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of By What Authority??

Yes. All 8425 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19697 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of By What Authority? is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19697, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does By What Authority? take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read By What Authority? section by section

How to work through By What Authority? section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of By What Authority? to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in By What Authority?

Words and structures a reader meets early in By What Authority?, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Anthony
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norris
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
King's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of By What Authority?; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.