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Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France
Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France is here in full — 193 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.
What her story had been I could only guess.
Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.
The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?
But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France is here in full — 193 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.
/ə naɪt ʌv ˈæɡ.ə.ni aɪ sæt fɔːr ə lɔːŋ taɪm ˈpɑːndərɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ənˈhæpi feɪt ʌv ðɪs tʃaɪld/
Line 2
What her story had been I could only guess.
/wʌt hɜːr ˈstɔːri hæd bɪn aɪ kʊd ˈoʊnli ɡes/
Line 3
Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.
Line 4
The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?
Line 5
But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

filth noun US /fɪlθ/

any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant

From this reading “Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.”

fungus noun US /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia

From this reading “Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.”

misshapen adjective US /mɪsˈʃeɪpən/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading “Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.”

Ninon noun US /ˈnɪnən/

a fine strong sheer silky fabric made of silk or rayon or nylon

From this reading “But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?”

slums noun US /slʌmz/

plural of “slum” — a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions

From this reading “The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?”

stunted adjective US /ˈstʌntɪd/

inferior in size or quality

From this reading “Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.”

transplanting noun US /trænˈsplæntɪŋ/

the act of removing something from one location and introducing it in another location

From this reading “But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?”

travesty noun US /ˈtrævəsti/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading “Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

unhappy fate adjective + noun

In this reading “A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.”

in the midst preposition + article + noun counted as “in … midst”

the middle or central part or point

In this reading “Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.”

long time adjective + noun

a prolonged period of time

In this reading “A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.”

in the dark preposition + article + noun counted as “in … dark”

In this reading “Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

AGONYnounUS /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Extreme physical or mental suffering; intense anguish.

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

devilnounUS /ˈdevəl/

(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

filthnounUS /fɪlθ/

any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

fungusnounUS /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

girlhoodnounUS /ˈɡɜːrlhʊd/

the childhood of a girl

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

guessverbUS /ɡes/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

healthyadjectiveUS /ˈhelθi/

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

hideousadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdiəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

humanitynounUS /hjuːˈmænɪti/

the quality of being humane

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

misshapenadjectiveUS /mɪsˈʃeɪpən/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

NIGHTnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

NinonnounUS /ˈnɪnən/

a fine strong sheer silky fabric made of silk or rayon or nylon

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

ponderingadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːndərɪŋ/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

sadnessnounUS /ˈsædnəs/

emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

SATnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

shamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

slumsnounUS /slʌmz/

plural of “slum” — a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

StolenverbUS /ˈstoʊlən/

inflected form of “steal” — take without the owner's consent

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

strangelyadverbUS /ˈstreɪndʒli/

in a strange manner

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

stuntedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌntɪd/

inferior in size or quality

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

torturedadjectiveUS /ˈtɔːrtʃərd/

experiencing intense pain especially mental pain

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

transplantingnounUS /trænˈsplæntɪŋ/

the act of removing something from one location and introducing it in another location

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

travestynounUS /ˈtrævəsti/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

unhappyadjectiveUS /ənˈhæpi/

experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent

From this reading A NIGHT OF AGONY I SAT for a long time pondering over the unhappy fate of this child.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

vigornounUS /ˈvɪɡər/

forceful exertion

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What her story had been I could only guess.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

womanhoodnounUS /ˈwʊmənhʊd/

the state of being an adult woman

From this reading Stolen, doubtless, by this devil in whose care she was--brought up, certainly, in the midst of filth and shame; stunted, tortured, misshapen--until she had become a mere fungus of humanity, growing only in the dark, without blood or healthy vigor--a hideous travesty upon girlhood and womanhood.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But Ninon--would she bear transplanting into other soil?

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The horror and sadness of the thing moved me strangely--yet had I not seen a thousand such during those hours I had spent in the slums?

Chapter 31 of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France by Burton Egbert Stevenson holds 193 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France contain?

Chapter 31 holds 193 sentences of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France by Burton Egbert Stevenson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 193 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Common questions about reading Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France by Burton Egbert Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #69104, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 414 minutes of reading across 994 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Corner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gogard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cadets of Gascony: Two stories of old France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.