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Cakes & Ale
Cakes & Ale

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Cakes & Ale is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
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SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."
Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.
It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.
There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.
Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cakes & Ale

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Cakes & Ale is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."
Line 2
Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.
Line 3
It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.
Line 4
There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.
Line 5
Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cheddar noun US /ˈtʃedər/

a village in southwestern England where cheddar cheese was first made

From this reading “Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.”

coddled verb US /ˈkɑːdəld/

past form of “coddle” — treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading “There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.”

condiments noun US /ˈkɑːndəmənts/

plural of “condiment” — a preparation (a sauce or relish or spice) to enhance flavor or enjoyment

From this reading “SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."”

cress noun US /kres/

any of various plants of the family Cruciferae with edible leaves that have a pungent taste

From this reading “It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.”

North's noun US /nɔːrθs/

possessive form of “north” — the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading “Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.”

radishes noun US /ˈrædɪʃɪz/

plural of “radish” — pungent fleshy edible root

From this reading “It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.”

salads noun US /ˈsælədz/

plural of “salad” — food mixtures either arranged on a plate or tossed and served with a moist dressing; usually consisting of or including greens

From this reading “SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."”

yolk noun US /joʊk/

the yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen

From this reading “Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

during the winter preposition + article + noun counted as “during … winter”

In this reading “There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.”

winter months noun + noun counted as “winter month”

In this reading “There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.”

great advantage adjective + noun

In this reading “There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

anywhereadverbUS /ˈeniwer/

at or in or to any place

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

appetitenounUS /ˈæpətaɪt/

a feeling of craving something

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

CheddarnounUS /ˈtʃedər/

a village in southwestern England where cheddar cheese was first made

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

cheesenounUS /tʃiːz/

a solid food prepared from the pressed curd of milk

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

cheesesnounUS /ˈtʃiːzɪz/

plural of “cheese” — a solid food prepared from the pressed curd of milk

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

ChristophernounUS /ˈkrɪstəfər/

Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

chutnee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

Chutnine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

cloyless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

coddledverbUS /ˈkɑːdəld/

past form of “coddle” — treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

CONDIMENTSnounUS /ˈkɑːndəmənts/

plural of “condiment” — a preparation (a sauce or relish or spice) to enhance flavor or enjoyment

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

cooksnounUS /kʊks/

plural of “cook” — someone who cooks food

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

CORNnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

creamnounUS /kriːm/

the best people or things in a group

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

cressnounUS /kres/

any of various plants of the family Cruciferae with edible leaves that have a pungent taste

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

deernounUS /dɪr/

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

DelightsnounUS /dɪˈlaɪts/

plural of “delight” — a feeling of extreme pleasure or satisfaction

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

dittonounUS /ˈdɪtoʊ/

a mark used to indicate the word above it should be repeated

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

dressingnounUS /ˈdresɪŋ/

savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

eggnounUS /eɡ/

animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

EpicureanadjectiveUS /ˌepəkjʊˈriːən/

of Epicurus or epicureanism

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

excludeverbUS /ɪkˈskluːd/

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

flavournoun

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

ForestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

Horse-radish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

InsteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

lamb'snounUS /læmz/

possessive form of “lamb” — young sheep

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

lettucenounUS /ˈletəs/

informal terms for money

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

lettuces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

mackerelnounUS /ˈmækərəl/

flesh of very important usually small (to 18 in) fatty Atlantic fish

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

mustardnounUS /ˈmʌstərd/

any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

muttonnounUS /ˈmʌtən/

meat from a mature domestic sheep

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

napkinnounUS /ˈnæpkɪn/

a small piece of table linen that is used to wipe the mouth and to cover the lap in order to protect clothing

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

narrow-leaved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

North'snounUS /nɔːrθs/

possessive form of “north” — the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

pignounUS /pɪɡ/

domestic swine

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

radishesnounUS /ˈrædɪʃɪz/

plural of “radish” — pungent fleshy edible root

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

RawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

robbedverbUS /rɑːbd/

inflected form of “rob” — take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

saladnounUS /ˈsæləd/

food mixtures either arranged on a plate or tossed and served with a moist dressing; usually consisting of or including greens

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

SALADSnounUS /ˈsælədz/

plural of “salad” — food mixtures either arranged on a plate or tossed and served with a moist dressing; usually consisting of or including greens

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

Sambal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

saucenounUS /sɔːs/

flavorful relish or dressing or topping served as an accompaniment to food

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

SharpenverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpən/

make sharp or sharper

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

strawsnounUS /strɔːz/

plural of “straw” — plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

suckingnounUS /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

the act of sucking

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

Tartare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

therebyadverbUS /ˈðerˈbaɪ/

by that means or because of that

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

VariousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Roman salad--Italian ditto--Various other salads--Sauce for cold mutton--Chutnine--Raw chutnee--Horse-radish sauce--Christopher North's sauce--How to serve a mackerel--_Sauce Tartare_--Ditto for sucking pig--Delights of making _Sambal_--A new language.

water-cress

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading There is, however, no black mark against the narrow-leaved CORN SALAD plant, or "lamb's lettuce"; and its great advantage is that it can be grown almost anywhere during the winter months, when lettuces have to be "coddled," and thereby robbed of most of their flavour.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SALADS AND CONDIMENTS "Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It has, I hope, been made sufficiently clear that neither water-cress nor radishes should figure in a dressed salad; from the which I would also exclude such "small deer" as mustard and cress.

yolknounUS /joʊk/

the yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen

From this reading Instead of yolk of egg, in a dressing, cheese may be used, with good results, either cream cheese--_not_ the poor stuff made on straws, but what are known as "napkin," or "New Forest" cheeses--or Cheddar.

Chapter 14 of Cakes & Ale by Edward Spencer holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Cakes & Ale contain?

Chapter 14 holds 131 sentences of Cakes & Ale, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Cakes & Ale by Edward Spencer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Cakes & Ale?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cakes & Ale

Common questions about reading Cakes & Ale by Edward Spencer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cakes & Ale?

Yes. All 2819 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43278 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cakes & Ale is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43278, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cakes & Ale take to read?

About 234 minutes of reading across 564 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cakes & Ale section by section

How to work through Cakes & Ale section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Cakes & Ale to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cakes & Ale

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cakes & Ale, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cakes & Ale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cakes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cakes & Ale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crown
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cakes & Ale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cakes & Ale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.