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Calavar
Calavar

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Calavar is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.
The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.
Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.
Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.
But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Calavar

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Calavar is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.
/ðə sʌn wɑːz dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ fæst wen ðə ˈtrævələrz meɪd ðer weɪ tuː ðə kæmp ʌv ˌkɔːrˈtez/
Line 2
The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.
/ðə ˈrɪvər ʌv kəˈnuːz ræn θruː ə ˈfɜːrtəl ˈvæli bʌt ðɪs wɑːz ʌv noʊ ɡreɪt ɪkˈstent ənd təˈwɔːrdz ɪts ˈʌpər tərməˈneɪʃən ðə siːn ʌv ðə ɪˈvents ʌv ðə deɪ ɪt wɑːz ˈærəd ənd ˈbroʊkən wɪð rɑːks/
Line 3
Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.
Line 4
Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.
Line 5
But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affording verb US /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading “Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.”

arid adjective US /ˈærəd/

lacking sufficient water or rainfall

From this reading “The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.”

commanders noun US /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.”

constancy noun US /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading “But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.”

Cortes noun US /ˌkɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading “The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.”

mats noun US /mæts/

plural of “mat” — a thick flat pad used as a floor covering

From this reading “Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.”

safest adjective US /ˈseɪfəst/

superlative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading “Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.”

withering adjective US /ˈwɪðərɪŋ/

wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction

From this reading “Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fertile valley adjective + noun

In this reading “The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.”

evening meal noun + noun

In this reading “Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.”

great extent adjective + noun

In this reading “The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.”

in readiness preposition + noun

In this reading “But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.”

ran through verb + particle counted as “run through”

apply thoroughly; think through

In this reading “The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.”

beyond the river preposition + article + noun counted as “beyond … river”

In this reading “Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.”

green shadows noun + noun counted as “green shadow”

In this reading “Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.”

among the green preposition + article + noun counted as “among … green”

In this reading “Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

affordingverbUS /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

Amador

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

aridadjectiveUS /ˈærəd/

lacking sufficient water or rainfall

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

arquebusiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

ascendedverbUS /əˈsendɪd/

past form of “ascend” — travel up

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

boughsnounUS /baʊz/

plural of “bough” — any of the larger branches of a tree

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

CanoesnounUS /kəˈnuːz/

plural of “canoe” — small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

constancynounUS /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

CortesnounUS /ˌkɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

covertnounUS /ˈkoʊvərt/

a flock of coots

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

crossbowmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

decliningverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

dressingnounUS /ˈdresɪŋ/

savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

drippingnounUS /ˈdrɪpɪŋ/

a liquid (as water) that flows in drops (as from the eaves of house)

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

encampmentnounUS /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

fresh-woven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

hutsnounUS /hʌts/

plural of “hut” — temporary military shelter

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

ImmediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

impenetrableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpenətrəbəl/

not admitting of penetration or passage into or through

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

matsnounUS /mæts/

plural of “mat” — a thick flat pad used as a floor covering

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

mealnounUS /miːl/

the food served and eaten at one time

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

Narvaez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

pitchedadjectiveUS /pɪtʃt/

(of sound) set to a certain pitch or key; usually used as a combining form

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

readinessnounUS /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

safestadjectiveUS /ˈseɪfəst/

superlative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

TemporaryadjectiveUS /ˈtempəreri/

not permanent; not lasting

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

terminationnounUS /tərməˈneɪʃən/

a coming to an end of a contract period

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

travellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

waryadjectiveUS /ˈweri/

marked by keen caution and watchful prudence

From this reading Immediately beyond the river, in a place made strong by rocks and bushes, impenetrable to cavalry, and affording the safest covert to his arquebusiers and crossbowmen, the wary rival of Narvaez had pitched his quarters.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The sun was declining fast, when the travellers made their way to the camp of Cortes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The River of Canoes ran through a fertile valley; but this was of no great extent, and towards its upper termination, the scene of the events of the day, it was arid and broken with rocks.

witheringadjectiveUS /ˈwɪðərɪŋ/

wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction

From this reading Temporary huts of boughs and fresh-woven mats were seen withering among the green shadows, and from these ascended the smoke of fires, at which the soldiers were dressing their evening meal.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading But in advance of this primitive encampment, dripping with rain like their commanders, yet standing to their arms with a patient and grave constancy, as if still in readiness for an enemy, Don Amador beheld the forces of Cortes.

Chapter 11 of Calavar by Robert Montgomery Bird holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Calavar contain?

Chapter 11 holds 138 sentences of Calavar, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Calavar by Robert Montgomery Bird exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Calavar?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Calavar

Common questions about reading Calavar by Robert Montgomery Bird on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Calavar?

Yes. All 5789 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34121 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Calavar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34121, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Calavar take to read?

About 482 minutes of reading across 1158 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Calavar section by section

How to work through Calavar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Calavar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Calavar

Words and structures a reader meets early in Calavar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Escucha
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cosas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Estranas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Espantosas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.