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Calavar
Calavar

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Calavar is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.
He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.
He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.
The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.
Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Calavar

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Calavar is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.
Line 2
He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.
/hiː pərˈsiːvd nʌn ʌv ðiːz mɑːrks ʌv ˈdɪsəplən əˈmʌŋ ðə əˈseɪlənts ənd waɪl ˈprɑːpərli əˈpriːʃieɪtɪŋ ðer dɪˈvoʊtɪd ˈkɜːrədʒ wɑːz əˈblaɪdʒd tuː kənˈsɪdər ðem noʊ ˈbetər ðæn ə ˈfjʊriəs ənd kənˈfjuːzd mɑːb/
Line 3
He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.
Line 4
The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.
/ðə ˈvaɪələns wɪð wɪtʃ ðeɪ lept tuː ðə əˈtæk ˈkærid ðem tuː ðə ɡeɪts ʌv ðə kɔːrt ənd tuː ðə maʊðz ʌv ðə ɑːrˈtɪləri wer ðeɪ fel ˈʌndər ðə spɪrz ʌv ðə ˈspænjərdz ɔːr wɜːr ˈskætərd laɪk tʃæf æt iːtʃ ˈmɜːrdərəs dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ ʌv ðə ˈkænən/
Line 5
Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appreciating verb US /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “appreciate” — recognize with gratitude; be grateful for

From this reading “He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.”

Christendom noun US /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia)

From this reading “The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.”

connexion noun US /kəˈnekʃən/

a connecting shape

From this reading “He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.”

distresses noun US /dɪˈstresɪz/

plural of “distress” — psychological suffering

From this reading “He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.”

neophyte noun US /ˈniːəfaɪt/

a plant that is found in an area where it had not been recorded previously

From this reading “The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.”

squadrons noun US /ˈskwɑːdrənz/

plural of “squadron” — a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading “The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.”

totem noun US /ˈtoʊtəm/

a clan or tribe identified by their kinship to a common totemic object

unanimity noun US /ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti/

everyone being of one mind

From this reading “He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wild creatures adjective + noun counted as “wild creature”

In this reading “He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.”

of civilization preposition + noun

In this reading “The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.”

upon the wall preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … wall”

In this reading “Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.”

discharge of verb + particle

In this reading “The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.”

All words in this reading · 154

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

AddedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

animatedadjectiveUS /ˈænəmeɪtɪd/

having life or vigor or spirit

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

appreciatingverbUS /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “appreciate” — recognize with gratitude; be grateful for

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

artillerynounUS /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

ascertainedadjectiveUS /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

assailantsnounUS /əˈseɪlənts/

plural of “assailant” — someone who attacks

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

bandsnounUS /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

bannernounUS /ˈbænər/

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

bondnounUS /bɑːnd/

an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

chaffverbUS /tʃæf/

be silly or tease one another

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

ChristendomnounUS /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia)

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

clamberedverbUS /ˈklæmbərd/

past form of “clamber” — climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

clubsnounUS /klʌbz/

plural of “club” — a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

confusedadjectiveUS /kənˈfjuːzd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

connexionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a connecting shape

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

dischargeverbUS /dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/

complete or carry out

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

displayingverbUS /dɪˈspleɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

distressesnounUS /dɪˈstresɪz/

plural of “distress” — psychological suffering

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

esteemedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstiːmd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

executionnounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/

putting a condemned person to death

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

hatrednounUS /ˈheɪtrəd/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

lances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

leapedverbUS /lept/

past form of “leap” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

MexicansnounUS /ˈmeksɪkənz/

plural of “mexican” — a native or inhabitant of Mexico

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

Morla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

mouthsnounUS /maʊðz/

plural of “mouth” — the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

multitudesnounUS /ˈmʌltətjuːdz/

plural of “multitude” — a large indefinite number

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

murderousadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərəs/

characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency toward killing another human being

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

neophytenounUS /ˈniːəfaɪt/

a plant that is found in an area where it had not been recorded previously

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

NorthernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

preciselyadverbUS /prɪˈsaɪsli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

regularlyadverbUS /ˈreɡjələrli/

in a regular manner

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

rushingnounUS /ˈrʌʃɪŋ/

(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

spearsnounUS /spɪrz/

plural of “spear” — a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

squadronsnounUS /ˈskwɑːdrənz/

plural of “squadron” — a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

subalterns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

Tlascalans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

totemnounUS /ˈtoʊtəm/

a clan or tribe identified by their kinship to a common totemic object

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

unadvisedadjective

without careful prior deliberation or counsel

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

unanimitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti/

everyone being of one mind

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

ungeneralled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The violence with which they leaped to the attack, carried them to the gates of the court, and to the mouths of the artillery, where they fell under the spears of the Spaniards, or were scattered like chaff at each murderous discharge of the cannon.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading He perceived none of these marks of discipline among the assailants; and, while properly appreciating their devoted courage, was obliged to consider them no better than a furious and confused mob.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Added to this, the Tlascalans, animated by their ancient hatred, and the presence of him whom they esteemed almost a god, clambered upon the wall, and with their clubs and lances did bloody execution on the multitudes below.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The neophyte had been informed by his friend De Morla, as a proof of the degree of civilization reached by the Mexicans, that their armies were formed with method, and as regularly divided and commanded as those of Christendom,--each tribe displaying under a peculiar banner, representing the arms, or, as we should say of our Northern bands, the _totem_, of the race, and each tribe separated into squadrons and companies, led by subalterns of precisely ascertained rank and power.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading He was right: the _warriors_ of Mexico had not yet appeared, and these wild creatures, who came ungeneralled and unadvised to the attack, were no more than the common citizens, fired by the distresses of their king, and rushing to his aid, without any bond of connexion or government, save the unanimity of their fury.

Chapter 23 of Calavar by Robert Montgomery Bird holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Calavar contain?

Chapter 23 holds 164 sentences of Calavar, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Calavar by Robert Montgomery Bird exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Calavar?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Calavar

Common questions about reading Calavar by Robert Montgomery Bird on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Calavar?

Yes. All 5789 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34121 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Calavar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34121, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Calavar take to read?

About 482 minutes of reading across 1158 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Calavar section by section

How to work through Calavar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Calavar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Calavar

Words and structures a reader meets early in Calavar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Escucha
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cosas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Estranas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Espantosas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Calavar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.