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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.
From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.
He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.
But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.
He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈɔːθərz ʌv hɪz ˈɜːrli jɪrz wɜːr ðə hɪˈroʊɪk ˈpoʊəts ʌv ˈɪtəli/
Line 2
From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.
/frʌm ðem hiː ɪmˈbaɪbd ðə lʌv ʌv ˈʃɪvəlri ənd roʊˈmæns/
Line 3
He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.
/hiː hæd tuː mʌtʃ ɡʊd sens tuː rəˈɡret ðə taɪmz ʌv ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn ənd ˈɑːrθər/
Line 4
But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.
/bʌt waɪl hɪz ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən wɑːz pɜːrdʒd baɪ ə ˈsɜːrtən ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən ʌv fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi hiː kənˈsiːvd ðæt ðer wɑːz ɪn ðə ˈmænərz dɪˈpɪktəd baɪ ðiːz ˈseləbreɪtɪd ˈpoʊəts ˈsʌmθɪŋ tuː ˈɪməteɪt æz wel æz ˈsʌmθɪŋ tuː əˈvɔɪd/
Line 5
He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.
/hiː bɪˈliːvd ðæt ˈnʌθɪŋ wɑːz soʊ wel ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd tuː meɪk men ˈdeləkət ˈɡælənt ənd hjuːˈmeɪn æz ə ˈtempər pərˈpetʃuːəli əˈlaɪv tuː ðə ˈsentəmənts ʌv bɜːrθ ənd ˈɑːnər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Charlemagne noun US /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading “He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.”

depicted adjective US /dɪˈpɪktəd/

represented graphically by sketch or design or lines

From this reading “But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.”

humane adjective US /hjuːˈmeɪn/

pertaining to or concerned with the humanities

From this reading “He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.”

imbibed verb US /ɪmˈbaɪbd/

past form of “imbibe” — take in, also metaphorically

From this reading “From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.”

imitate verb US /ˈɪməteɪt/

reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading “But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.”

infusion noun US /ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən/

a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading “But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.”

perpetually adverb US /pərˈpetʃuːəli/

everlastingly; for all time

From this reading “He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.”

purged verb US /pɜːrdʒd/

past form of “purge” — oust politically

From this reading “But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

calculatedadjectiveUS /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

CharlemagnenounUS /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

chivalrynounUS /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

depictedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɪktəd/

represented graphically by sketch or design or lines

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

favouritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

a competitor thought likely to win

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

heroicadjectiveUS /hɪˈroʊɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

humaneadjectiveUS /hjuːˈmeɪn/

pertaining to or concerned with the humanities

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

imbibedverbUS /ɪmˈbaɪbd/

past form of “imbibe” — take in, also metaphorically

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

imitateverbUS /ˈɪməteɪt/

reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

infusionnounUS /ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən/

a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

perpetuallyadverbUS /pərˈpetʃuːəli/

everlastingly; for all time

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

purgedverbUS /pɜːrdʒd/

past form of “purge” — oust politically

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

romancenounUS /roʊˈmæns/

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

sentimentsnounUS /ˈsentəmənts/

plural of “sentiment” — tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading He believed that nothing was so well calculated to make men delicate, gallant, and humane, as a temper perpetually alive to the sentiments of birth and honour.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading From them he imbibed the love of chivalry and romance.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He had too much good sense to regret the times of Charlemagne and Arthur.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading But, while his imagination was purged by a certain infusion of philosophy, he conceived that there was in the manners depicted by these celebrated poets something to imitate, as well as something to avoid.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Among the favourite authors of his early years were the heroic poets of Italy.

Chapter 2 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 104 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 2 holds 104 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 104 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.