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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.
In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.
The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.
A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.
Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.
Line 2
In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.
Line 3
The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.
Line 4
A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.
Line 5
Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.
/ˈsmɑːrtɪŋ ˈʌndər ə səkˈseʃən ʌv əntuːˈɔːrd ɪˈvents hiː əˈpɪrd tuː fiːl ɪn ðə moʊst ˈekskwəzət ˈmænər ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz peɪd tuː hɪz ˈædvərseri ˈiːvɪn ɪn ðoʊz pɔɪnts ɪn wɪtʃ hiː hæd nɑːt ðə ˈslaɪtəst prəˈtenʃənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apprehended adjective US /ˌæprɪˈhendɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading “A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.”

distinctions noun US /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading “Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.”

inveterate adjective US /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading “The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.”

multiply verb US /ˈmʌltəplaɪ/

combine by multiplication

From this reading “This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.”

pretensions noun US /prəˈtenʃənz/

plural of “pretension” — a false or unsupportable quality

From this reading “Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.”

Smarting noun US /ˈsmɑːrtɪŋ/

a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore

From this reading “Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.”

unaffected adjective US /ˌʌnəˈfektɪd/

undergoing no change when acted upon

From this reading “In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.”

untoward adjective US /əntuːˈɔːrd/

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

From this reading “Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

adversarynounUS /ˈædvərseri/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

apprehendedadjectiveUS /ˌæprɪˈhendɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

conspicuousadjectiveUS /kənˈspɪkjuːəs/

obvious to the eye or mind

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

cursedadjectiveUS /kɜːrst/

deserving a curse; sometimes used as an intensifier

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

distinctionsnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

Falkland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

humiliationnounUS /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/

state of disgrace or loss of self-respect

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

instancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

instrumentnounUS /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

inveterateadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

maliciousadjectiveUS /məˈlɪʃəs/

having the nature of or resulting from malice

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

mortifications

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

multiplyverbUS /ˈmʌltəplaɪ/

combine by multiplication

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

perpetuallyadverbUS /pərˈpetʃuːəli/

everlastingly; for all time

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

pretensionsnounUS /prəˈtenʃənz/

plural of “pretension” — a false or unsupportable quality

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

proprietynounUS /prəˈpraɪəti/

correct or appropriate behavior

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

reputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

slightestadjectiveUS /ˈslaɪtəst/

superlative of “slight” — (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with “a”) at least some

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

SmartingnounUS /ˈsmɑːrtɪŋ/

a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

struggledverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading The more Mr. Tyrrel struggled with his misfortune, the more conspicuous and inveterate it became.

successionnounUS /səkˈseʃən/

a following of one thing after another in time

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading A thousand times he cursed his stars, which took, as he apprehended, a malicious pleasure in making Mr. Falkland, at every turn, the instrument of his humiliation.

Tyrrel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

unaffectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈfektɪd/

undergoing no change when acted upon

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

untowardadjectiveUS /əntuːˈɔːrd/

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

From this reading Smarting under a succession of untoward events, he appeared to feel, in the most exquisite manner, the distinctions paid to his adversary, even in those points in which he had not the slightest pretensions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This was only one out of innumerable instances, that every day seemed to multiply, of petty mortifications which Mr. Tyrrel was destined to endure on the part of Mr. Falkland.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In all of them Mr. Falkland conducted himself with such unaffected propriety, as perpetually to add to the stock of his reputation.

Chapter 4 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 206 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 4 holds 206 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 206 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caleb Williams section by section

How to work through Caleb Williams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Caleb Williams to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.