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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.
No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.
He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.
He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.
The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.
Line 2
No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.
Line 3
He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.
/hiː ˈɔːrdərd mɪs ˈmelvɪl tuː biː ˈkloʊsli kənˈfaɪnd tuː hɜːr əˈpɑːrtmənt ənd dɪˈpraɪvd ʌv ɔːl miːnz ʌv kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪŋ hɜːr ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən tuː ˈeni wʌn aʊt ʌv hɪz oʊn haʊs/
Line 4
He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.
Line 5
The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amorous adjective US /ˈæmərəs/

inclined toward or displaying love

From this reading “He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.”

communicating noun US /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪŋ/

the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

From this reading “He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.”

distinctions noun US /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading “He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.”

Melville noun US /ˈmelvɪl/

United States writer of novels and short stories (1819-1891)

From this reading “He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.”

notices noun US /ˈnoʊtəsəz/

plural of “notice” — an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading “He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.”

plunging verb US /ˈplʌndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “plunge” — thrust or throw into

From this reading “The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.”

terminated adjective US /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading “Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.”

usurpation noun US /ˌjuːsərˈpeɪʃən/

entry to another's property without right or permission

From this reading “He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

amorousadjectiveUS /ˈæmərəs/

inclined toward or displaying love

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

attendantsnounUS /əˈtendənts/

plural of “attendant” — someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

blastverbUS /blæst/

make a strident sound

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

communicatingnounUS /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪŋ/

the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

confideverbUS /kənˈfaɪd/

reveal in private; tell confidentially

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

deprivedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpraɪvd/

marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

discretionnounUS /dɪˈskreʃən/

freedom to act or judge on one's own

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

distinctionsnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

eloping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

Emily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

freedverbUS /friːd/

past form of “free” — grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

honouredverbUS /ˈɑːnərd/

past form of “honour” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

housekeeper's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

interferencenounUS /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/

a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

MelvillenounUS /ˈmelvɪl/

United States writer of novels and short stories (1819-1891)

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

neighbournounUS /ˈneɪbər/

a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

noticesnounUS /ˈnoʊtəsəz/

plural of “notice” — an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

PlacenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

plungingverbUS /ˈplʌndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “plunge” — thrust or throw into

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

precautionsnounUS /priˈkɔːʃənz/

plural of “precaution” — a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

projectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

reasonableadjectiveUS /ˈriːzənəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

reputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her apartment, and deprived of all means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

squirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

sufferverbUS /ˈsʌfər/

undergo or be subjected to

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

terminatedadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

Tyrrel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

Tyrrel's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing could be further from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

usurpationnounUS /ˌjuːsərˈpeɪʃən/

entry to another's property without right or permission

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading No sooner was he freed from the fear of his housekeeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He placed over her a female servant, in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honoured with the amorous notices of the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her more reasonable claims.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.

Chapter 8 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 227 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 8 holds 227 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 227 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caleb Williams section by section

How to work through Caleb Williams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Caleb Williams to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.