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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.
Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.
The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.
The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.
If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.
Line 2
Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.
Line 3
The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.
Line 4
The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.
/ðə ˈveri əˈtendənts əˈpɑːn ðɪs haʊs ʌv əˈpreʃən fɔːr ðə siːn wɑːz ˈæktɪd əˈpɑːn tuː ˈpʌblɪk ə steɪdʒ nɑːt tuː biː ˈdʒenərəli ˌʌndərˈstʊd ɪkˈsprest ðer əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt ənd dɪsˈɡʌst æt hɪz ənˈperəleld ˈkruːlti/
Line 5
If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diabolical adjective US /ˌdaɪəˈbɑːlɪkəl/

showing the cunning or ingenuity or wickedness typical of a devil

From this reading “The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.”

irresistibly adverb US /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbli/

incapable of being resisted

From this reading “The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.”

Melville noun US /ˈmelvɪl/

United States writer of novels and short stories (1819-1891)

From this reading “Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.”

memorial noun US /məˈmɔːriəl/

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading “Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.”

oppression noun US /əˈpreʃən/

the act of subjugating by cruelty

From this reading “The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.”

spectator noun US /ˈspekteɪtər/

a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading “The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.”

tyranny noun US /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading “Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.”

unparalleled adjective US /ənˈperəleld/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading “The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

astonishmentnounUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

attendantsnounUS /əˈtendənts/

plural of “attendant” — someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

commissionnounUS /kəˈmɪʃən/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

crueltynounUS /ˈkruːlti/

a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

deservesverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

detestationnoun

hate coupled with disgust

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

diabolicaladjectiveUS /ˌdaɪəˈbɑːlɪkəl/

showing the cunning or ingenuity or wickedness typical of a devil

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

disgustverbUS /dɪsˈɡʌst/

fill with distaste

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

dishonoured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

Emily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

excitedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtəd/

(of persons) excessively affected by emotion

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

Falkland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

injusticenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/

an unjust act

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

irresistiblyadverbUS /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbli/

incapable of being resisted

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

MelvillenounUS /ˈmelvɪl/

United States writer of novels and short stories (1819-1891)

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

memorialnounUS /məˈmɔːriəl/

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

oppressionnounUS /əˈpreʃən/

the act of subjugating by cruelty

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

regardingverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

spectatornounUS /ˈspekteɪtər/

a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

tyrannynounUS /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

Tyrrel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

unparalleledadjectiveUS /ənˈperəleld/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The very attendants upon this house of oppression, for the scene was acted upon too public a stage not to be generally understood, expressed their astonishment and disgust at his unparalleled cruelty.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such was the fate of Miss Emily Melville.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading If such were the feelings of men bred to the commission of injustice, it is difficult to say what must have been those of Mr. Falkland.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Perhaps tyranny never exhibited a more painful memorial of the detestation in which it deserves to be held.

wretchnounUS /retʃ/

performs some wicked deed

From this reading The idea irresistibly excited in every spectator of the scene, was that of regarding Mr. Tyrrel as the most diabolical wretch that had ever dishonoured the human form.

Chapter 11 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 178 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 11 holds 178 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 178 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caleb Williams section by section

How to work through Caleb Williams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.