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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.
The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.
"This day was the crisis of Mr. Falkland's history.
From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.
No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.
/aɪ ʃæl ɪnˈdevər tuː steɪt ðə rɪˈmeɪndər ʌv ðɪs ˈnærətɪv ɪn ðə wɜːrdz ʌv ˈmɪstər ˈkɑːlɪnz/
Line 2
The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.
/ðə ˈriːdər hæz ɔːlˈredi hæd əˈkeɪʒən tuː pərˈsiːv ðæt ˈmɪstər ˈkɑːlɪnz wɑːz ə mæn ʌv noʊ ˈvʌlɡər ˈɔːrdər ənd hɪz rɪˈflekʃənz ɑːn ðə səbˈdʒekt wɜːr ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/
Line 3
"This day was the crisis of Mr. Falkland's history.
Line 4
From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.
Line 5
No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Collins noun US /ˈkɑːlɪnz/

English writer noted for early detective novels (1824-1889)

From this reading “I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.”

contrasted verb US /kənˈtræstəd/

past form of “contrast” — put in opposition to show or emphasize differences

From this reading “No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.”

crisis noun US /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading “"This day was the crisis of Mr. Falkland's history.”

endeavour noun US /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading “I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.”

judicious adjective US /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading “The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.”

prior adjective US /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading “No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.”

subsequent adjective US /ˈsʌbsəkwənt/

following in time or order

From this reading “No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.”

uncommonly adverb US /ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli/

exceptionally

From this reading “The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

CollinsnounUS /ˈkɑːlɪnz/

English writer noted for early detective novels (1824-1889)

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

contrastedverbUS /kənˈtræstəd/

past form of “contrast” — put in opposition to show or emphasize differences

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

crisisnounUS /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading "This day was the crisis of Mr. Falkland's history.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading "This day was the crisis of Mr. Falkland's history.

endeavournounUS /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

Falkland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

Falkland's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "This day was the crisis of Mr. Falkland's history.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading "This day was the crisis of Mr. Falkland's history.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

judiciousadjectiveUS /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

perceiveverbUS /pərˈsiːv/

to become aware of through the senses

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

prioradjectiveUS /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

reflectionsnounUS /rɪˈflekʃənz/

plural of “reflection” — a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

remaindernounUS /rɪˈmeɪndər/

something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

respectsnounUS /rɪˈspekts/

(often used with “pay”) a formal expression of esteem

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

subsequentadjectiveUS /ˈsʌbsəkwənt/

following in time or order

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading No two characters can be in certain respects more strongly contrasted, than the Mr. Falkland of a date prior and subsequent to these events.

uncommonlyadverbUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli/

exceptionally

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

unsociableadjective

not inclined to society or companionship

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

victimnounUS /ˈvɪktəm/

an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The reader has already had occasion to perceive that Mr. Collins was a man of no vulgar order; and his reflections on the subject were uncommonly judicious.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From hence took its beginning that gloomy and unsociable melancholy, of which he has since been the victim.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading I shall endeavour to state the remainder of this narrative in the words of Mr. Collins.

Chapter 12 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 12 holds 165 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caleb Williams section by section

How to work through Caleb Williams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Caleb Williams to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.