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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.
But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.
My fortitude revived.
I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.
No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.
/sʌtʃ wɜːr ðə rɪˈflekʃənz ðæt ˈhɔːntɪd ðə fɜːrst deɪz ʌv maɪ ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt ɪn ˈkɑːnsəkwəns ʌv wɪtʃ ðeɪ wɜːr spent ɪn pərˈpetʃuːəl ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/
Line 2
But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.
Line 3
My fortitude revived.
/maɪ ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd rɪˈvaɪvd/
Line 4
I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.
/aɪ hæd ˈɔːlweɪz bɪn əˈkʌstəmd tuː ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs ɡʊd ˈhjuːmər ənd səˈren.ə.t̬i ənd ðɪs ˈhæbət naʊ rɪˈtɜːrnd tuː ˈvɪzɪt miː æt ðə ˈbɑːtəm ʌv maɪ ˈdʌndʒən/
Line 5
No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dungeon noun US /ˈdʌndʒən/

the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

From this reading “I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.”

fortitude noun US /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading “My fortitude revived.”

incessantly adverb US /ˌɪnˈsesəntli/

with unflagging resolve

From this reading “But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.”

persecutors noun US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtərz/

plural of “persecutor” — someone who torments

From this reading “No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.”

reasonableness noun US /ˈriːzənəbʌlnəs/

the state of having good sense and sound judgment

From this reading “No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.”

serenity noun US /səˈren.ə.t̬i/

The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled by external storms.

From this reading “I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.”

tranquillity noun US /træŋˈkwɪlɪti/

an untroubled state; free from disturbances

From this reading “No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.”

varying adjective US /ˈveriɪŋ/

marked by diversity or difference

From this reading “But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

anguishnounUS /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

extreme mental distress

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

burthennoun

a variant of “burden”

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

cheerfulnessnounUS /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

contemplations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

dungeonnounUS /ˈdʌndʒən/

the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

forlornadjectiveUS /fərˈlɔːrn/

marked by or showing hopelessness

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

fortitudenounUS /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading My fortitude revived.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

hauntedadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːntɪd/

having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with something

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

imprisonmentnounUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

incessantlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsesəntli/

with unflagging resolve

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

perpetualadjectiveUS /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

persecutorsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtərz/

plural of “persecutor” — someone who torments

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

proprietynounUS /prəˈpraɪəti/

correct or appropriate behavior

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

reasonablenessnounUS /ˈriːzənəbʌlnəs/

the state of having good sense and sound judgment

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

reflectionsnounUS /rɪˈflekʃənz/

plural of “reflection” — a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

revivedadjectiveUS /rɪˈvaɪvd/

restored to consciousness or life or vigor

From this reading My fortitude revived.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

serenitynounUS /səˈren.ə.t̬i/

The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled by external storms.

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

seriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

stoopverbUS /stuːp/

bend one's back forward from the waist on down

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

tranquillitynounUS /træŋˈkwɪlɪti/

an untroubled state; free from disturbances

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

varyingadjectiveUS /ˈveriɪŋ/

marked by diversity or difference

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading I had always been accustomed to cheerfulness, good humour, and serenity; and this habit now returned to visit me at the bottom of my dungeon.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

weariedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪrid/

exhausted

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Such were the reflections that haunted the first days of my imprisonment, in consequence of which they were spent in perpetual anguish.

whisperedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪspərd/

spoken in soft hushed tones without vibrations of the vocal cords

From this reading No sooner did my contemplations take this turn, than I saw the reasonableness and possibility of tranquillity and peace; and my mind whispered to me the propriety of showing, in this forlorn condition, that I was superior to all my persecutors.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But, after a time, nature, wearied with distress, would no longer stoop to the burthen; thought, which is incessantly varying, introduced a series of reflections totally different.

Chapter 23 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 52 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 23 holds 52 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 52 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caleb Williams section by section

How to work through Caleb Williams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Caleb Williams to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.