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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.
After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.
Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.
While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.
During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.
/ðə ˈoʊnli ruːl ðæt aɪ leɪd daʊn tuː ˌmaɪˈself ɪn trəˈvɜːrsɪŋ ðə ˈfɔːrəst wɑːz tuː teɪk ə dərˈekʃən æz ˈɑːpəzət æz ˈpɑːsəbəl tuː ðæt wɪtʃ led tuː ðə siːn ʌv maɪ leɪt ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/
Line 2
After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.
Line 3
Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.
/hiːr aɪ sæt daʊn baɪ ðə saɪd ʌv ə brʊk ənd ˈpʊlɪŋ aʊt ə krʌst ʌv bred wɪtʃ aɪ hæd brɔːt əˈweɪ wɪð miː ˈrestəd ənd riˈfreʃt ˌmaɪˈself/
Line 4
While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.
/waɪl aɪ kənˈtɪnjuːd ɪn ðɪs pleɪs aɪ bɪˈɡæn tuː ˈruːmɪneɪt əˈpɑːn ðə plæn aɪ ʃʊd leɪ daʊn fɔːr maɪ ˈfjuːtʃər proʊˈsiːdɪŋz ənd maɪ prəˈpensɪti naʊ led miː æz ɪt hæd dʌn ɪn ə ˈfɔːrmər ˈɪnstəns tuː fɪks əˈpɑːn ðə ˈkæpətəl wɪtʃ aɪ bɪˈliːvd bɪˈsaɪdz ɪts ˈʌðər ˌrekəmənˈdeɪʃənz wʊd pruːv ðə ˈseɪfəst pleɪs fɔːr kənˈsiːlmənt/
Line 5
During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crust noun US /krʌst/

the outer layer of the Earth

From this reading “Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.”

propensity noun US /prəˈpensɪti/

an inclination to do something

From this reading “While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.”

recommendations noun US /ˌrekəmənˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “recommendation” — something (as a course of action) that is recommended as advisable

From this reading “While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.”

ruder adjective US /ˈruːdər/

comparative of “rude” — socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading “After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.”

ruminate verb US /ˈruːmɪneɪt/

chew the cuds

From this reading “While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.”

safest adjective US /ˈseɪfəst/

superlative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading “While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.”

termination noun US /tərməˈneɪʃən/

a coming to an end of a contract period

From this reading “After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.”

traversing verb US /trəˈvɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading “The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

brooknounUS /brʊk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

concealmentnounUS /kənˈsiːlmənt/

the condition of being concealed or hidden

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

crustnounUS /krʌst/

the outer layer of the Earth

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

cultivatedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

enquired

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

fixverbUS /fɪks/

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

imprisonmentnounUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

inclosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

proceedingsnounUS /proʊˈsiːdɪŋz/

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

propensitynounUS /prəˈpensɪti/

an inclination to do something

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

pullingnounUS /ˈpʊlɪŋ/

the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

recommendationsnounUS /ˌrekəmənˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “recommendation” — something (as a course of action) that is recommended as advisable

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

refreshedadjectiveUS /riˈfreʃt/

with restored energy

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

respectingverbUS /riˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “respect” — regard highly; think much of

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

ruderadjectiveUS /ˈruːdər/

comparative of “rude” — socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

ruminateverbUS /ˈruːmɪneɪt/

chew the cuds

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

safestadjectiveUS /ˈseɪfəst/

superlative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

terminationnounUS /tərməˈneɪʃən/

a coming to an end of a contract period

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading During these thoughts I saw a couple of peasants passing at a small distance, and enquired of them respecting the London road.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

traversingverbUS /trəˈvɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading After about two hours walking I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the country which is inclosed and cultivated.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The only rule that I laid down to myself in traversing the forest, was to take a direction as opposite as possible to that which led to the scene of my late imprisonment.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Here I sat down by the side of a brook, and, pulling out a crust of bread which I had brought away with me, rested and refreshed myself.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading While I continued in this place, I began to ruminate upon the plan I should lay down for my future proceedings; and my propensity now led me, as it had done in a former instance, to fix upon the capital, which I believed, besides its other recommendations, would prove the safest place for concealment.

Chapter 30 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 30 holds 94 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caleb Williams section by section

How to work through Caleb Williams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Caleb Williams to begin.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.