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Caleb Williams
Caleb Williams

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 357 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Caleb Williams
Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is as I foreboded.
The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.
I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.
Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.
This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caleb Williams

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Caleb Williams is here in full — 357 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is as I foreboded.
Line 2
The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.
/ðə ˈpresɪdʒ wɪð wɪtʃ aɪ wɑːz ˈvɪzɪtɪd wɑːz prəˈfetɪk/
Line 3
I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.
/aɪ æm naʊ tuː rəˈkɔːrd ə nuː ənd ˈterəbəl ˌrevəˈluːʃən ʌv maɪ ˈfɔːrtʃən ənd maɪ maɪnd/
Line 4
Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.
/ˈhævɪŋ meɪd ɪkˈsperəmənt ʌv ˈveriəs ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz wɪð wʌn ˈjuːnəfɔːrm rɪˈzʌlt aɪ æt leŋkθ dɪˈtɜːrmənd tuː riˈmuːv ˌmaɪˈself ɪf ˈpɑːsəbəl frʌm ðə riːtʃ ʌv maɪ ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtər baɪ ˈɡoʊɪŋ ˈɪntuː ˈvɑːlənteri ˈbænɪʃmənt frʌm maɪ ˈneɪtɪv sɔɪl/
Line 5
This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.
/ðɪs wɑːz maɪ læst ˈriːsɔːrs fɔːr træŋˈkwɪlɪti fɔːr ˈɑːnəst feɪm fɔːr ðoʊz ˈprɪvlədʒəz tuː wɪtʃ ˈhjuːmən laɪf ɪz ˌɪnˈdetɪd fɔːr ðə hoʊl ʌv ɪts ˈvæljuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banishment noun US /ˈbænɪʃmənt/

the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)

From this reading “Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.”

indebted adjective US /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading “This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.”

persecutor noun US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtər/

someone who torments

From this reading “Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.”

presage verb US /ˈpresɪdʒ/

indicate, as with a sign or an omen

From this reading “The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.”

prophetic adjective US /prəˈfetɪk/

foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention

From this reading “The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.”

resource noun US /ˈriːsɔːrs/

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading “This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.”

situations noun US /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading “Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.”

voluntary adjective US /ˈvɑːlənteri/

of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled

From this reading “Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is as I foreboded.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

banishmentnounUS /ˈbænɪʃmənt/

the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

foreboded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is as I foreboded.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It is as I foreboded.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

indebtedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is as I foreboded.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is as I foreboded.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

persecutornounUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtər/

someone who torments

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

presageverbUS /ˈpresɪdʒ/

indicate, as with a sign or an omen

From this reading The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.

privilegesnounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒəz/

plural of “privilege” — a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

propheticadjectiveUS /prəˈfetɪk/

foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention

From this reading The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

removeverbUS /riˈmuːv/

remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

resourcenounUS /ˈriːsɔːrs/

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

situationsnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am now to record a new and terrible revolution of my fortune and my mind.

tranquillitynounUS /træŋˈkwɪlɪti/

an untroubled state; free from disturbances

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

uniformadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.

voluntaryadjectiveUS /ˈvɑːlənteri/

of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled

From this reading Having made experiment of various situations with one uniform result, I at length determined to remove myself, if possible, from the reach of my persecutor, by going into voluntary banishment from my native soil.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading This was my last resource for tranquillity, for honest fame, for those privileges to which human life is indebted for the whole of its value.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The presage with which I was visited was prophetic.

Chapter 40 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin holds 357 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of Caleb Williams contain?

Chapter 40 holds 357 sentences of Caleb Williams, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of Caleb Williams by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 357 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of Caleb Williams?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caleb Williams

Common questions about reading Caleb Williams by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caleb Williams?

Yes. All 6614 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caleb Williams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caleb Williams take to read?

About 551 minutes of reading across 1323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caleb Williams section by section

How to work through Caleb Williams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Caleb Williams to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caleb Williams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caleb Williams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theatre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calamity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caleb Williams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.