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California illustrated
California illustrated

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of California illustrated is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.
We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.
The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.
Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.
The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

California illustrated

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of California illustrated is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.
Line 2
We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.
Line 3
The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.
Line 4
Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.
/təˈwɔːrdz ˈiːvnɪŋ əˈnʌðər kɔːrps wɑːz bɔːrn əˈlɔːŋ wɪð ðə seɪm əˈkʌmpnɪmənts/
Line 5
The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accompaniments noun US /əˈkʌmpnɪmənts/

plural of “accompaniment” — an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading “Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.”

bier noun US /biːr/

a coffin along with its stand

From this reading “We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.”

coffins noun US /ˈkɔːfɪnz/

plural of “coffin” — box in which a corpse is buried or cremated

From this reading “We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.”

exclamations noun US /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃənz/

plural of “exclamation” — an abrupt excited utterance

From this reading “We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.”

fife noun US /faɪf/

a small high-pitched flute similar to a piccolo; has a shrill tone and is used chiefly to accompany drums in a marching band

From this reading “We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.”

strayed verb US /streɪd/

past form of “stray” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading “In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.”

uncouth adjective US /ˈʌnˈkuːθ/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading “The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.”

undergoing verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

funeral procession noun + noun

In this reading “We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.”

Towards evening preposition + noun

In this reading “Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.”

on a bier preposition + article + noun counted as “on … bier”

In this reading “We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.”

church door noun + noun

In this reading “The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.”

In the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

accompanimentsnounUS /əˈkʌmpnɪmənts/

plural of “accompaniment” — an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

bellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

biernounUS /biːr/

a coffin along with its stand

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

castigationnoun

a severe scolding

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

coffinsnounUS /ˈkɔːfɪnz/

plural of “coffin” — box in which a corpse is buried or cremated

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

corpsenounUS /kɔːrps/

the dead body of a human being

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

deceasednounUS /dɪˈsiːst/

someone who is no longer alive

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

decoratedadjectiveUS /ˈdekəreɪtɪd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

detainedverbUS /dɪˈteɪnd/

past form of “detain” — deprive of freedom; take into confinement

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

drumnounUS /drʌm/

a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

dwellingnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋ/

housing that someone is living in

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.

exclamationsnounUS /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃənz/

plural of “exclamation” — an abrupt excited utterance

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

fifenounUS /faɪf/

a small high-pitched flute similar to a piccolo; has a shrill tone and is used chiefly to accompany drums in a marching band

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

funeralnounUS /ˈfjuːnərəl/

a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

Gorgona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

hangingnounUS /ˈhæŋɪŋ/

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

headedadjectiveUS /ˈhedəd/

having a heading or course in a certain direction

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

heart-rending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

innocencenounUS /ˈɪnəsəns/

the quality of innocent naivete

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

mulesnounUS /mjuːlz/

plural of “mule” — hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

PnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

personationnoun

imitating the mannerisms of another person

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

servingnounUS /ˈsɜːrvɪŋ/

an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

sleepingnounUS /ˈsliːpɪŋ/

the state of being asleep

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

strayedverbUS /streɪd/

past form of “stray” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

TowardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Towards evening, another corpse was borne along with the same accompaniments.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

uncouthadjectiveUS /ˈʌnˈkuːθ/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

uncoveredadjectiveUS /ənˈkʌvərd/

not covered with clothing

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

undergoingverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

utteringverbUS /ˈʌtərɪŋ/

-ing form of “utter” — articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The deceased was a small child; its head was decorated with flowers, its face uncovered, looking the very personation of sleeping innocence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the morning we had the satisfaction of learning that our mules had strayed, and were detained until 10 o’clock.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The whole was accompanied by the uncouth sound of a piece of old iron hanging in the church door, serving as a bell, and at this particular time undergoing a severe castigation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We reached Gorgona at 4 P.M. As we were entering the town, we met a funeral procession headed by a fife and drum; the corpse borne on a bier with face uncovered, (coffins are not used,) the mother of deceased standing in the door of her dwelling, uttering the most heart-rending exclamations.

Chapter 8 of California illustrated by J. M. (John M.) Letts holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of California illustrated contain?

Chapter 8 holds 400 sentences of California illustrated, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of California illustrated by J. M. (John M.) Letts exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of California illustrated?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading California illustrated

Common questions about reading California illustrated by J. M. (John M.) Letts on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of California illustrated?

Yes. All 3639 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #74730 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of California illustrated is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #74730, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does California illustrated take to read?

About 303 minutes of reading across 728 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read California illustrated section by section

How to work through California illustrated section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of California illustrated to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in California illustrated

Words and structures a reader meets early in California illustrated, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Panama
A word that appears in the opening chapter of California illustrated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nicaragua
A word that appears in the opening chapter of California illustrated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Routes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of California illustrated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Returned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of California illustrated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.