Chapter V · Chapter 5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

dearly loved

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

plural of “charity” — a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

the younger brother of Edwy who became king of Northumbria when it renounced Edwy; on Edwy's death he succeeded to the throne of England (944-975)

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

being one more than seventeen

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

the roughness of a substance that causes abrasions

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

the sound of laughing

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

the act of departing

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

joined in matrimony

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a daughter of your brother or sister

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

not any; not one

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

and nothing more

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

money demanded for the return of a captured person

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

get something; come into possession of

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

not arrogant or presuming

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

plural of “saxon” — a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

in the near future

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

in or at that place or location

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

plural of “toil” — productive work (especially physical work done for wages)

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

hard to endure

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading William Etheling is reported to have been as proud as his sister Maude, and to have talked of using the churl Saxons as beasts of burden.

plural of “want” — a state of extreme poverty

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Edgar Etheling was soon allowed to ransom himself, and retiring to his own estates, lived there in peace.

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

during the time that

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

belonging to which person

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She died in 1118, leaving three children--Maude, already married to the Emperor of Germany, and William and Richard.

in the company of; together with

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a late time of life

From this reading No help, such as her father had given St. Margaret, did Maude receive from her husband; she had only the pain of watching his harshness, cruelty, and hypocrisy, during the eighteen years of her marriage.

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading His niece, the good Queen Maude, lived on in the English Court, trying to imitate her mother in her charities, and being, like her, much beloved by the poor, to whose wants she ministered with her own hands; while her youngest brother David, then a gay-tempered youth, used to laugh at her for such mean toils, as he called them.