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Caravans to Santa Fe
Caravans to Santa Fe

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Caravans to Santa Fe is here in full — 324 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Caravans to Santa Fe
Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.
There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.
Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.
Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.
Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caravans to Santa Fe

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Caravans to Santa Fe is here in full — 324 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.
Line 2
There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.
/ðer wɜːr fɪfˈtiːn ˈwæɡənz ˈfɪfti men ənd mɔːr ðæn θriː taɪmz ðæt ˈmeni ˈænəməlz/
Line 3
Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.
/bɪˈfɔːr ðem stretʃt ðə ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ ˈpreɪriz ˈweɪvɪŋ wɪð diːp ɡræs bɪˈhaɪnd waʊnd ðə teɪl ʌv ðə ˈkærəvæn/
Line 4
Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.
/əˈbʌv ðə skaɪz wɜːr ˈrɪtʃli bluː ˈɡɔːrdʒəs wɪð væst waɪt klaʊdz/
Line 5
Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.
/fɔːr naɪts ɑːn ðə pleɪnz ˈʌndər ðə stɑːrz ˈlɪsənɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə kæmp ˈfaɪər tuː tɔːk ʌv ˈtreɪdər ənd ˈtræpər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caravan noun US /ˈkærəvæn/

a procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file

From this reading “DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.”

disputed adjective US /dɪsˈpjuːtəd/

subject to disagreement and debate

From this reading “DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.”

prairies noun US /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading “Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.”

richly adverb US /ˈrɪtʃli/

to an ample degree or in an ample manner

From this reading “Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.”

trader noun US /ˈtreɪdər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.”

trapper noun US /ˈtræpər/

someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading “Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.”

undulating verb US /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading “Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.”

wagons noun US /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading “There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fifty miles noun + noun counted as “fifty mile”

In this reading “DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.”

seven hundred noun + noun

In this reading “DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.”

three times noun + noun

by a factor of three

In this reading “There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.”

Four nights noun + noun

In this reading “Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.”

fifty men noun + noun

In this reading “There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.”

under the stars preposition + article + noun counted as “under … star”

In this reading “Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.”

white settlement noun + noun

In this reading “DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

AboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.

aheadadverbUS /əˈhed/

at or in the front

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

caravannounUS /ˈkærəvæn/

a procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

DISPUTEDadjectiveUS /dɪsˈpjuːtəd/

subject to disagreement and debate

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

EMPIREnounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

FenounUS /feɪ/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

FournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

gorgeousadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːrdʒəs/

dazzlingly beautiful

From this reading Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

listeningnounUS /ˈlɪsənɪŋ/

the act of hearing attentively

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

lumbered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

nightsnounUS /naɪts/

Periods of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

prairiesnounUS /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

richlyadverbUS /ˈrɪtʃli/

to an ample degree or in an ample manner

From this reading Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.

SantanounUS /ˈsæntə/

the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

skiesnounUS /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

tailnounUS /teɪl/

the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

tradernounUS /ˈtreɪdər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

trappernounUS /ˈtræpər/

someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Four nights on the plains, under the stars, listening about the camp fire to talk of trader and trapper.

undulatingverbUS /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Above, the skies were richly blue, gorgeous with vast white clouds.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were fifteen wagons, fifty men, and more than three times that many animals.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading DISPUTED EMPIRE To Santa Fe, seven hundred and fifty miles ahead--with but one white settlement in all the distance--lumbered the caravan.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading Before them stretched the undulating prairies, waving with deep grass; behind wound the tail of the caravan.

Chapter 3 of Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus holds 324 sentences, grouped into 65 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Caravans to Santa Fe contain?

Chapter 3 holds 324 sentences of Caravans to Santa Fe, unabridged, divided into 65 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 324 sentences, grouped into 65 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Caravans to Santa Fe?

Work through the 65 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 65 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caravans to Santa Fe

Common questions about reading Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caravans to Santa Fe?

Yes. All 3700 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76701 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caravans to Santa Fe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76701, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caravans to Santa Fe take to read?

About 308 minutes of reading across 740 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caravans to Santa Fe section by section

How to work through Caravans to Santa Fe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caravans to Santa Fe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caravans to Santa Fe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.