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Caravans to Santa Fe
Caravans to Santa Fe

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Caravans to Santa Fe is here in full — 314 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
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DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.
He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.
Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.
Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.
The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caravans to Santa Fe

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Caravans to Santa Fe is here in full — 314 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.
Line 2
He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.
Line 3
Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.
Line 4
Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.
Line 5
The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

extensive adjective US /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading “The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.”

generations noun US /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.”

grazed adjective US /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading “Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.”

peons noun US /ˈpiːənz/

plural of “peon” — a laborer who is obliged to do menial work

From this reading “The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.”

rightfully adverb US /ˈraɪtfəli/

by right

From this reading “Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.”

sixteenth adjective US /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading “He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.”

territory noun US /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.”

treaty noun US /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading “Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.”

vast territory adjective + noun

In this reading “Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.”

hundred miles noun + noun counted as “hundred mile”

In this reading “Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.”

latter part adjective + noun

In this reading “He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.”

many generations adjective + noun counted as “many generation”

In this reading “Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.”

three centuries noun + noun counted as “three century”

In this reading “DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.”

lived upon verb + particle counted as “live upon”

In this reading “The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1828

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

ANABEL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

Anabel's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

buffalonounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

claimedverbUS /kleɪmd/

past form of “claim” — assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

colonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

DONnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

FAMILYnounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

far-flungadjective

distributed over a considerable extent

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

forbears

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

grandeenoun

a nobleman of highest rank in Spain or Portugal

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

grandsires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

grazedadjectiveUS /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

Juan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

Lopez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.

Oñate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

peonsnounUS /ˈpiːənz/

plural of “peon” — a laborer who is obliged to do menial work

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.

richesnounUS /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

rightfullyadverbUS /ˈraɪtfəli/

by right

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading Don Anabel’s sheep grazed over a range of a hundred miles.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

treatynounUS /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

unnumberedadjective

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The unnumbered buffalo were his cattle; his slaves the peons that lived upon the extensive lands granted his grandsires.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading DON ANABEL AND HIS FAMILY Don Anabel Lopez was proud of his station in the secure and far-flung territory of New Spain which his forbears had first found and conquered nearly three centuries before his time.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He claimed descent straight from a Spanish grandee who had accompanied the expedition of settlement of Juan de Oñate in the latter part of the sixteenth century.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Don Anabel felt that the riches of this vast territory belonged rightfully to those who had held it through so many generations for the glory of the Spanish crown, which at last, in this year of grace 1828, had been thrown off through a treaty of independence with her colony, Mexico.

Chapter 6 of Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus holds 314 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Caravans to Santa Fe contain?

Chapter 6 holds 314 sentences of Caravans to Santa Fe, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 314 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Caravans to Santa Fe?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caravans to Santa Fe

Common questions about reading Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caravans to Santa Fe?

Yes. All 3700 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76701 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caravans to Santa Fe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76701, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caravans to Santa Fe take to read?

About 308 minutes of reading across 740 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Caravans to Santa Fe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Caravans to Santa Fe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caravans to Santa Fe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.