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Caravans to Santa Fe
Caravans to Santa Fe

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Caravans to Santa Fe is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Caravans to Santa Fe
Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.
Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.
This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.
The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.
There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caravans to Santa Fe

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Caravans to Santa Fe is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.
Line 2
Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.
/fɪfˈtiːn maɪlz ʌv ˈsændi ˈdezərt leɪ bɪˈtwiːn ðə ˈrɪvər ənd ðə ʃɪr spɜːr ʌv ˈrɑːkiz wɪtʃ ðeɪ hæd krɔːst/
Line 3
This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.
/ðɪs wɑːz ə ˈdezərt lænd ˈfruːtfəl ˈoʊnli wer ðə ˈrɪvər floʊd ˈbærən seɪv wer ˈwɔːtər tʌtʃt bʌt ɪn ðæt rɪtʃ strɪp ʌv ɜːrθ əˈlɔːŋ ðə ˈrɪvər bæŋks wɜːr ɡroʊvz ʌv ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈkɑːtənwʊd/
Line 4
The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.
Line 5
There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.
/ðer wɜːr ˈʌðər ˈɪndiənz ˈwestwərd æn oʊld ˈmeksəkən toʊld hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cottonwood noun US /ˈkɑːtənwʊd/

any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed

From this reading “This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.”

fertile adjective US /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading “THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.”

fruitful adjective US /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading “This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.”

nestled adjective US /ˈnesəld/

drawn or pressed close to someone or something for or as if for affection or protection

From this reading “The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.”

plumes noun US /pluːmz/

plural of “plume” — anything that resembles a feather in shape or lightness

From this reading “The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.”

Pueblo noun US /pˈwebloʊ/

a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called “Pueblos” by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)

From this reading “The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.”

Rio noun US /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading “The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.”

Rockies noun US /ˈrɑːkiz/

the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide

From this reading “Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

blue sky adjective + noun

the sky as viewed during daylight

In this reading “The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.”

Fifteen miles noun + noun counted as “fifteen mile”

In this reading “Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.”

river flowed noun + noun counted as “river flow”

In this reading “This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.”

river banks noun + noun

In this reading “This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.”

along the river preposition + article + noun counted as “along … river”

In this reading “This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.”

lay between verb + particle

In this reading “Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.”

desert land verb + noun

In this reading “This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.”

strip of verb + particle

In this reading “This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

cottonwoodnounUS /ˈkɑːtənwʊd/

any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

FALSEadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

FifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

FRAILE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

fruitfuladjectiveUS /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

Grande

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

grovesnounUS /ɡroʊvz/

United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

MexicannounUS /ˈmeksəkən/

a native or inhabitant of Mexico

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

nestledadjectiveUS /ˈnesəld/

drawn or pressed close to someone or something for or as if for affection or protection

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

OrientaladjectiveUS /ˌɔːriˈentəl/

denoting or characteristic of countries of the Far East

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.

partingnounUS /ˈpɑːrtɪŋ/

the act of departing politely

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

pinknounUS /pɪŋk/

a light shade of red

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

plumesnounUS /pluːmz/

plural of “plume” — anything that resembles a feather in shape or lightness

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

PueblonounUS /pˈwebloʊ/

a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called “Pueblos” by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

ranchos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

RionounUS /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

RockiesnounUS /ˈrɑːkiz/

the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

sandyadjectiveUS /ˈsændi/

of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

sheeradjectiveUS /ʃɪr/

complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

spurnounUS /spɜːr/

a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

Steven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

stripverbUS /strɪp/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

tamaracknoun

medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

Tiburcio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

wavedverbUS /weɪvd/

past form of “wave” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading The pink tamarack waved its plumes against the blue sky, and among them nestled many comfortable little ranchos, all Mexican, for the land of the Pueblo Indians had been left far behind along the upper valley of the Rio Grande.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading There were other Indians westward, an old Mexican told him.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading This was a desert land, fruitful only where the river flowed, barren save where water touched; but in that rich strip of earth along the river banks were groves of ancient cottonwood.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Fifteen miles of sandy desert lay between the river and the sheer spur of Rockies which they had crossed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE FALSE FRAILE Steven found himself, after parting with Don Tiburcio, in a level valley fertile as an Oriental garden.

Chapter 10 of Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus holds 178 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Caravans to Santa Fe contain?

Chapter 10 holds 178 sentences of Caravans to Santa Fe, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 178 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Caravans to Santa Fe?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caravans to Santa Fe

Common questions about reading Caravans to Santa Fe by Alida Malkus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caravans to Santa Fe?

Yes. All 3700 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76701 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caravans to Santa Fe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76701, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caravans to Santa Fe take to read?

About 308 minutes of reading across 740 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caravans to Santa Fe section by section

How to work through Caravans to Santa Fe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Caravans to Santa Fe to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caravans to Santa Fe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caravans to Santa Fe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caravans to Santa Fe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.