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Cardigan
Cardigan

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Cardigan is here in full — 312 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cardigan
Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.
About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.
I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.
About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.
The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cardigan

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Cardigan is here in full — 312 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.
/aɪ wɑːz əˈweɪkənd ˈʃɔːrtli ˈæftər ˈdeɪlaɪt baɪ ə ˈhʌbəb ənd ˈstɜːrɪŋ ɪn ðə striːt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ənd aɪ leɪ ɪn bed ˈlɪsənɪŋ hæf əˈsliːp/
Line 2
About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.
Line 3
I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.
Line 4
About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.
/əˈbaʊt ˈsevən aɪ ərˈoʊz ənd drest ˈstændɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ aʊt ˈoʊvər ðə skwer/
Line 5
The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

frontiers noun US /frənˈtɪrz/

plural of “frontier” — a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading “The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.”

hubbub noun US /ˈhʌbəb/

loud confused noise from many sources

From this reading “I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.”

infants noun US /ˈɪnfənts/

plural of “infant” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading “The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.”

Monongahela noun US /məˌnɔːŋɡəˈheɪlə/

a river that rises in northern West Virginia and flows north into Pennsylvania where it joins the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio River

From this reading “About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.”

refugees noun US /ˈrefjuːdʒiz/

plural of “refugee” — an exile who flees for safety

From this reading “About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.”

scourge noun US /skɜːrdʒ/

a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor)

From this reading “The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.”

toddling verb US /ˈtɑːdlɪŋ/

-ing form of “toddle” — walk unsteadily

From this reading “The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.”

Weasel noun US /ˈwiːzəl/

a person who is regarded as treacherous or sneaky

From this reading “About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

shut the door verb + article + noun counted as “shut … door”

In this reading “I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.”

early hour adjective + noun

In this reading “The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.”

fleeing from verb + particle counted as “flee from”

In this reading “The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.”

chamber door noun + noun

In this reading “About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.”

About six preposition + noun

In this reading “About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.”

About seven preposition + noun

In this reading “About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.”

by the window preposition + article + noun counted as “by … window”

In this reading “About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.”

in the street preposition + article + noun counted as “in … street”

In this reading “I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

answersnounUS /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

awakenedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪkənd/

aroused or activated

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

battalionnounUS /bəˈtæljən/

an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

Cresap

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

daybreaknounUS /ˈdeɪbreɪk/

the first light of day

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

daylightnounUS /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

Dunmore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

fleeingverbUS /ˈfliːɪŋ/

-ing form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

frontiersnounUS /frənˈtɪrz/

plural of “frontier” — a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

hubbubnounUS /ˈhʌbəb/

loud confused noise from many sources

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

infantsnounUS /ˈɪnfənts/

plural of “infant” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

listeningnounUS /ˈlɪsənɪŋ/

the act of hearing attentively

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

messengersnounUS /ˈmesəndʒərz/

plural of “messenger” — a person who carries a message

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

militianounUS /məˈlɪʃə/

civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

MonongahelanounUS /məˌnɔːŋɡəˈheɪlə/

a river that rises in northern West Virginia and flows north into Pennsylvania where it joins the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio River

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

negativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɡətɪv/

characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

PittnounUS /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

Pittsburg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

refugeesnounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒiz/

plural of “refugee” — an exile who flees for safety

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

scourgenounUS /skɜːrdʒ/

a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor)

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

scoutnounUS /skaʊt/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

shortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

stirringnounUS /ˈstɜːrɪŋ/

agitating a liquid with an implement

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

toddlingverbUS /ˈtɑːdlɪŋ/

-ing form of “toddle” — walk unsteadily

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

WarrennounUS /ˈwɔːrən/

United States writer and poet (1905-1989)

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was awakened shortly after daylight by a hubbub and stirring in the street outside, and I lay in bed, listening, half asleep.

WeaselnounUS /ˈwiːzəl/

a person who is regarded as treacherous or sneaky

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading I asked him whether messengers had brought me answers to my letters from Lord Dunmore and Miss Warren, and he replied in the negative and shut the door.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading About seven I arose and dressed, standing by the window and looking out over the square.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading About six o'clock the Weasel opened my chamber door, saying that Pittsburg was filling with refugees from the frontier, and that a battalion of militia under Cresap had just left to scout on the Monongahela.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The streets of Fort Pitt were lively enough at this early hour; apparently since daybreak hundreds of refugees, men, women, and toddling infants, fleeing from the red scourge on the outer frontiers, had been coming into Pittsburg town.

Chapter 16 of Cardigan by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers holds 312 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Cardigan contain?

Chapter 16 holds 312 sentences of Cardigan, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Cardigan by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 312 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Cardigan?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cardigan

Common questions about reading Cardigan by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cardigan?

Yes. All 10153 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38958 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cardigan is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38958, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cardigan take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2031 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cardigan section by section

How to work through Cardigan section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Cardigan to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cardigan

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cardigan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cardigan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cardigan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cardigan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cardigan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.