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Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.
Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AMONG THE GREEKS.
Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.
Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?
They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.
Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AMONG THE GREEKS.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə ɡriːks/
Line 2
Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.
/ɡriːs wɑːz ðə ˈneɪtɪv hoʊm ʌv ɔːl ðæt wiː naʊ kɔːl ɑːrt/
Line 3
Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?
/əˈpɑːn ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə tuː ˈhʌndrəd ˈpeɪdʒəz ʌv ɑːrt ˈɡɑːsəp ɪn ðə ˈraɪtɪŋz ʌv ðə ˈeldər ˈplɪni moʊst ʌv wɪtʃ rɪˈleɪts tuː ɡriːs wiː ɑːr ˈredi tuː æsk ɪz ðer wʌn θɪŋ ɪn ˈpeɪntɪŋ ɔːr ˈdrɔːɪŋ wʌn skuːl dɪˈvaɪs staɪl ɔːr ˈmeθəd noʊn tuː ʌs wɪtʃ wɑːz nɑːt fəˈmɪljər tuː ðə ɡriːks/
Line 4
They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.
Line 5
Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amphibious adjective US /æmˈfɪbiəs/

relating to or characteristic of animals of the class Amphibia

From this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

cabbages noun US /ˈkæbɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cabbage” — any of various types of cabbage

From this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

casts noun US /kæsts/

plural of “cast” — the actors in a play

From this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

cleaner noun US /ˈkliːnər/

a preparation used in cleaning something

From this reading “Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.”

donkeys noun US /ˈdɑːŋkiz/

plural of “donkey” — the symbol of the Democratic Party; introduced in cartoons by Thomas Nast in 1874

From this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

excelled verb US /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

interiors noun US /ˌɪnˈtɪriərz/

plural of “interior” — the region that is inside of something

From this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

Pliny noun US /ˈplɪni/

Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder; author of books of letters that commented on affairs of the day (62-113)

From this reading “Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?”

list of verb + particle

In this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

excelled in verb + particle counted as “excel in”

In this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

too good adverb + adjective

In this reading “They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

AMONGprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading AMONG THE GREEKS.

amphibiousadjectiveUS /æmˈfɪbiəs/

relating to or characteristic of animals of the class Amphibia

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

artistsnounUS /ˈɑːrtɪsts/

plural of “artist” — a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

barber-shop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

Bonheur's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

Bonheurs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

cabbagesnounUS /ˈkæbɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cabbage” — any of various types of cabbage

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

castsnounUS /kæsts/

plural of “cast” — the actors in a play

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

charmnounUS /tʃɑːrm/

attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

classicnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/

a creation of the highest excellence

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

cleanernounUS /ˈkliːnər/

a preparation used in cleaning something

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

devicenounUS /dɪˈvaɪs/

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

donkeysnounUS /ˈdɑːŋkiz/

plural of “donkey” — the symbol of the Democratic Party; introduced in cartoons by Thomas Nast in 1874

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

eatingnounUS /ˈiːtɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

excelledverbUS /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

fibrenounUS /ˈfaɪbər/

a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

gossipnounUS /ˈɡɑːsəp/

light informal conversation for social occasions

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

GreecenounUS /ɡriːs/

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

GREEKSnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading AMONG THE GREEKS.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

HorsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

interiorsnounUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriərz/

plural of “interior” — the region that is inside of something

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

Landseers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

NotedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

ourspronounUS /ˈaʊərz/

the one or ones belonging to us

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

picture-cleaners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

plasterverbUS /ˈplæstər/

apply a heavy coat to

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

PlinynounUS /ˈplɪni/

Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder; author of books of letters that commented on affairs of the day (62-113)

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

portrait-painters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

relatesverbUS /rɪˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

RosanounUS /ˈroʊzə/

large genus of erect or climbing prickly shrubs including roses

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AMONG THE GREEKS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

unskillfuladjective

poorly done

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

varnishers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Greece was the native home of all that we now call art.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Noted pictures were spoken of as having lost their charm through an unskillful cleaner.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading They had their Landseers--men great in dogs and all animals; they had artists renowned in the "Dutch style" ages before the Dutch ceased to be amphibious--artists who painted barber-shop interiors to a hair, and donkeys eating cabbages correct to a fibre; they had cattle pieces as famous throughout the classic world as Rosa Bonheur's "Horse Fair" is now in ours; they had Rosa Bonheurs of their own--famous women, a list of whose names Pliny gives; they had portrait-painters too good to be fashionable, and portrait-painters too fashionable to be good; they had artists who excelled in flesh, others great in form, others excellent in composition; they took plaster casts of dead faces; they had varnishers and picture-cleaners.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading Upon looking over the two hundred pages of art gossip in the writings of the elder Pliny, most of which relates to Greece, we are ready to ask, Is there one thing in painting or drawing, one school, device, style, or method, known to us which was not familiar to the Greeks?

Chapter 4 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. by James Parton holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. contain?

Chapter 4 holds 65 sentences of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands., unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. by James Parton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #39347, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
According
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Congress
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Harper
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