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Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.
Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. is here in full — 175 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
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SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.
If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.
Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.
A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.
But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. is here in full — 175 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.
/ˈsekjələr ˈkerəkətʃər ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈeɪdʒəz/
Line 2
If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.
/ɪf wiː tɜːrn frʌm ðə ˈseɪkrəd tuː ðə ˈsekjələr wiː faɪnd ðə ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən nɑːt les ˈbɑːrbərəs/
Line 3
Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.
/ˈmeni ˈriːdərz hæv siːn ðə tuː ˈdʒaɪənts ðæt stænd ɪn ðə ˈɡɪldhɔːl ʌv ˈlʌndən wer ðeɪ ɔːr ˈʌɡli ˈɪmədʒəz laɪk ðem hæv stʊd frʌm taɪm ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/
Line 4
A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.
Line 5
But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caricature verb US /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading “SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.”

credulous adjective US /ˈkredʒələs/

disposed to believe on little evidence

From this reading “A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.”

Guildhall noun US /ˈɡɪldhɔːl/

the hall of a guild or corporation

From this reading “Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.”

immemorial adjective US /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

long past; beyond the limits of memory or tradition or recorded history

From this reading “Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.”

invaders noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.”

ornamentation noun US /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading “If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.”

secular adjective US /ˈsekjələr/

of or relating to the doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

From this reading “SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.”

Trojan noun US /ˈtroʊdʒən/

a native of ancient Troy

From this reading “A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

MIDDLE AGES noun + noun counted as “middle age”

the time of life between youth and old age (e.g., between 40 and 60 years of age)

In this reading “SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.”

taken prisoners adjective + noun counted as “taken prisoner”

In this reading “A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.”

romantic tale adjective + noun

In this reading “But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.”

IN THE MIDDLE preposition + article + noun counted as “in … middle”

In this reading “SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.”

little book adjective + noun

In this reading “A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.”

in triumph preposition + noun

In this reading “A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.”

work upon verb + particle

In this reading “But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

AGESnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

barbarousadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːrbərəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

CARICATUREverbUS /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

chainedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪnd/

bound with chains

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

cherishverbUS /ˈtʃerɪʃ/

be fond of; be attached to

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

CornwallnounUS /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

credulousadjectiveUS /ˈkredʒələs/

disposed to believe on little evidence

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

Fairholt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

giantsnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənts/

plural of “giant” — any creature of exceptional size

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

Gog

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

GuildhallnounUS /ˈɡɪldhɔːl/

the hall of a guild or corporation

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

imagesnounUS /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

immemorialadjectiveUS /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

long past; beyond the limits of memory or tradition or recorded history

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

invadersnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

Magog

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

MIDDLEnounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

ornamentationnounUS /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

portersnounUS /ˈpɔːrtərz/

plural of “porter” — a person employed to carry luggage and supplies

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

romanticadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

SECULARadjectiveUS /ˈsekjələr/

of or relating to the doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

From this reading SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

sitenounUS /saɪt/

the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SECULAR CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

TrojannounUS /ˈtroʊdʒən/

a native of ancient Troy

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

uglyadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡli/

displeasing to the senses

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

unfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading If we turn from the sacred to the secular, we find the ornamentation not less barbarous.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Many readers have seen the two giants that stand in the Guildhall of London, where they, or ugly images like them, have stood from time immemorial.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A little book sold near by used to inform a credulous public that Gog and Magog were two gigantic brothers taken prisoners in Cornwall fighting against the Trojan invaders, who brought them in triumph to the site of London, where their chief chained them to the gate of his palace as porters.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading But, unfortunately for this romantic tale, Mr. Fairholt, in his work upon the giants,[5] makes it known that many other towns and cities of Europe cherish from a remote antiquity similar images.

Chapter 8 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. by James Parton holds 175 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. contain?

Chapter 8 holds 175 sentences of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands., unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. by James Parton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 175 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. by James Parton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.?

Yes. All 4802 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39347 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39347, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. take to read?

About 400 minutes of reading across 961 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. section by section

How to work through Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
According
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Congress
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.