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Carl and the Cotton Gin
Carl and the Cotton Gin

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Carl and the Cotton Gin is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Carl and the Cotton Gin
Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.
To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.
He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.
The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.
On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carl and the Cotton Gin

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Carl and the Cotton Gin is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.
Line 2
To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.
/tuː biː aʊt ʌv wɜːrk wɑːz ə ˈveri riːl ˈtrædʒədi ɪn ðə wɜːrld ɪn wɪtʃ hiː lɪvd/
Line 3
He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.
Line 4
The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.
Line 5
On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.
/ɑːn ðə ˈkɑːntreri ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈʌpkiːp ʌv ðer hoʊm ənd ˈfæməli fel əˈpɑːn ðə jʌŋ ˈʃoʊldərz ʌv ðə bɔɪ ənd ɡɜːrl huː tɔɪld æt ðə ˈspɪnɪŋ mɪlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buoyed verb US /ˈbuːid/

past form of “buoy” — float on the surface of water

From this reading “PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.”

ebb verb US /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading “PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.”

indispensable adjective US /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading “He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.”

problems noun US /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading “PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.”

spinning noun US /ˈspɪnɪŋ/

creating thread

From this reading “On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.”

temporarily adverb US /ˌtempərˈerəli/

for a limited time only; not permanently

From this reading “PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.”

toiled verb US /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading “On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.”

upkeep noun US /ˈʌpkiːp/

activity involved in maintaining something in good working order

From this reading “On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

absentadjectiveUS /ˈæbsənt/

not being in a specified place

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

alasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

buoyedverbUS /ˈbuːid/

past form of “buoy” — float on the surface of water

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

Carl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

contraryadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntreri/

very opposed in nature or character or purpose

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

ebbverbUS /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

episodenounUS /ˈepəsoʊd/

a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

FredericknounUS /ˈfredrɪk/

a town in northern Maryland to the west of Baltimore

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

Harling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

Harlings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

McGregor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

millsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

PROBLEMSnounUS /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

spinningnounUS /ˈspɪnɪŋ/

creating thread

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

temporarilyadverbUS /ˌtempərˈerəli/

for a limited time only; not permanently

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

toiledverbUS /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

UnclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

upkeepnounUS /ˈʌpkiːp/

activity involved in maintaining something in good working order

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The Harlings, alas, had no absent Uncle Frederick to fall back upon.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He knew only too well how indispensable was money and that the necessity of it was even greater in the Harling home than in his own.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PROBLEMS Although temporarily buoyed up by the episode of the afternoon Carl McGregor returned home with spirits at a lower ebb than they had been for many a day.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading To be out of work was a very real tragedy in the world in which he lived.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading On the contrary the entire upkeep of their home and family fell upon the young shoulders of the boy and girl who toiled at the spinning mills.

Chapter 4 of Carl and the Cotton Gin by Sara Ware Bassett holds 274 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Carl and the Cotton Gin contain?

Chapter 4 holds 274 sentences of Carl and the Cotton Gin, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Carl and the Cotton Gin by Sara Ware Bassett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 274 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Carl and the Cotton Gin?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Carl and the Cotton Gin

Common questions about reading Carl and the Cotton Gin by Sara Ware Bassett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Carl and the Cotton Gin?

Yes. All 4457 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23560 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Carl and the Cotton Gin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23560, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Carl and the Cotton Gin take to read?

About 371 minutes of reading across 892 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Carl and the Cotton Gin

Words and structures a reader meets early in Carl and the Cotton Gin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carl and the Cotton Gin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mcgregor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carl and the Cotton Gin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Waited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carl and the Cotton Gin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Moment
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carl and the Cotton Gin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.