Chapter I

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

brought into existence

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

a town in southeastern New Mexico on the Pecos River near the Mexican border; potash deposits

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

plural of “cavern” — any large dark enclosed space

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

a period of 100 years

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

past form of “designate” — assign a name or title to

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

aimless wandering from place to place

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

opinion or judgment

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading For that matter, I’d never seen bats fly.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For that matter, I’d never seen bats fly.

mix together different elements

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

filled or abounding with fog or mist

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

plural of “mammal” — any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading For that matter, I’d never seen bats fly.

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

in ancient Greek mythology any of 9 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne; protector of an art or science

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

To recall to mind.

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

appearing as such but not necessarily so

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

the present time or age

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

From this reading “I thought it was a volcano—but then I’d never seen one.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading That was the spectacle which led Jim White, back at the turn of the century, to become interested in the colossal phenomenon designated by Act of Congress as Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

a Caucasian

From this reading Carlsbad Caverns NATIONAL PARK NEW MEXICO _Its Early Explorations as told by Jim White_ Born—July 11, 1882 Died—April 28, 1946 Bats!... millions of black little mammals drifting along the horizon and seeming to fuse into the hazy clouds of a New Mexico sunset!

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you could ask him about it today, Jim’s eyes would probably turn inward as he’d muse and remember.