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Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises
Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: As you probably know, Stedman died poor.
Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.
For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of lettersfor which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.
He was ailing, he saidhad a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.
You know what he was, in respect of letters,—and letters.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.
Line 2
Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.
/ˈoʊnli ə fjuː deɪz əˈɡoʊ hiː toʊld miː ðæt ˈæftər ˈpeɪɪŋ ɔːl ðə dets ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈoʊvər hɪm fɔːr jɪrz frʌm ðə ˈbɪznəs ˈlɔːsəz kɑːzd baɪ es mɪˈsmænɪdʒmənt hiː hæd nɑːt ɪˈnʌf tuː laɪv ɑːn ənd mʌst kiːp ɑːn wɪð hɪz ˈlɪtəreri wɜːrk/
Line 3
For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of lettersfor which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.
Line 4
He was ailing, he saidhad a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.
Line 5
You know what he was, in respect of letters,—and letters.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ailing adjective US /ˈeɪlɪŋ/

somewhat ill or prone to illness

From this reading “He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.”

intimately adverb US /ˈɪntəmətli/

in a close manner

From this reading “One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.”

losses noun US /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading “Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.”

mismanagement noun US /mɪˈsmænɪdʒmənt/

management that is careless or inefficient

From this reading “Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.”

organizations noun US /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “organization” — a group of people who work together

From this reading “One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.”

overhauling verb US /ˈoʊvərhɔːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhaul” — travel past

From this reading “For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.”

rearrangement noun US /riərˈeɪndʒmənt/

changing an arrangement

From this reading “For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.”

reminiscences noun US /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading “For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few days adjective + noun

In this reading “Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.”

most prominent adverb + adjective

In this reading “One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.”

eight months adjective + noun counted as “eight month”

In this reading “For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.”

old friends adjective + noun counted as “old friend”

In this reading “For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.”

months past noun + noun counted as “month past”

In this reading “For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.”

prominent men adjective + noun

In this reading “One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.”

keep up verb + adjective

maintain a required pace or level

In this reading “He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.”

among men preposition + noun

In this reading “For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

ailingadjectiveUS /ˈeɪlɪŋ/

somewhat ill or prone to illness

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

conversationsnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

debtsnounUS /dets/

plural of “debt” — the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

hangingnounUS /ˈhæŋɪŋ/

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

intimatelyadverbUS /ˈɪntəmətli/

in a close manner

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

lossesnounUS /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

magazinesnounUS /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

mismanagementnounUS /mɪˈsmænɪdʒmənt/

management that is careless or inefficient

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

organizationsnounUS /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “organization” — a group of people who work together

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

overhaulingverbUS /ˈoʊvərhɔːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhaul” — travel past

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

prominentadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːmənənt/

having a quality that thrusts itself into attention

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

rearrangementnounUS /riərˈeɪndʒmənt/

changing an arrangement

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

reminiscencesnounUS /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading You know what he was, in respect of letters,—and letters.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

Stedman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

troubledadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəld/

characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was ailing, he said—had a serious heart affection which troubled him for years, and he found it a daily struggle to keep up with the daily claims on his time.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading You know what he was, in respect of letters,—and letters.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Only a few days ago he told me that after paying all the debts hanging over him for years from the business losses caused by ⸺’s mismanagement, he had not enough to live on, and must keep on with his literary work.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading For this he had various plans, of which our conversations developed only a possible rearrangement of his past writings; an article now and then for the magazines (one, I am told, he left completed); and reminiscences of his old friends among men of letters—for which last he had, during eight months past, been overhauling letters and papers, but had written nothing.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading One of the most prominent men in the New York literary organizations, and one who knew Stedman intimately, writes me thus in regard to the last years of his life: “As you probably know, Stedman died poor.

Chapter 3 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises by Thomas Wentworth Higginson holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises contain?

Chapter 3 holds 410 sentences of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises by Thomas Wentworth Higginson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Common questions about reading Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises by Thomas Wentworth Higginson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises?

Yes. All 2513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68129 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68129, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises take to read?

About 209 minutes of reading across 503 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises section by section

How to work through Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Words and structures a reader meets early in Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Newly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arranged
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cheerful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.