Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises
Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”
To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”
But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.
They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.
The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”
Line 2
To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”
Line 3
But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.
/bʌt ðə hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl taɪ bɪˈtwiːn ðə tuː ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz ɪz fɑːr tuː kloʊs tuː biː fərˈɡɑːt.n̩ ənd aɪ hæv ˈleɪtli kʌm ˈɪntuː pəˈzeʃən ʌv sʌm kwaɪt ˈɪntrəstɪŋ ˈletərz wɪtʃ ˈdemənstreɪt ðɪs/
Line 4
They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.
Line 5
The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conclusively adverb US /kənˈkluːsɪvli/

in a conclusive way

From this reading “They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.”

demonstrate verb US /ˈdemənstreɪt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading “But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.”

graduates noun US /ˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “graduate” — a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)

From this reading “To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.””

Harvard noun US /ˈhɑːrvərd/

a university in Massachusetts

From this reading “To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.””

models noun US /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.”

pioneers noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.”

rotting noun US /ˈrɑːtɪŋ/

(biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action

From this reading ““Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.””

universities noun US /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading “But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

haggard eyes adjective + noun

In this reading ““Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.””

peculiar interest adjective + noun

In this reading “They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.”

between the two preposition + article + noun counted as “between … two”

In this reading “But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.”

in comparison preposition + noun

In this reading “They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.”

come into verb + particle

obtain, especially accidentally

In this reading “But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.”

too close adverb + adjective

In this reading “But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.”

three persons noun + noun counted as “three person”

In this reading “The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.”

think of verb + particle

keep in mind for attention or consideration

In this reading ““Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.””

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

Anti-Jacobin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

associationnounUS /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

Canning's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

Cogswell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

conclusivelyadverbUS /kənˈkluːsɪvli/

in a conclusive way

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

demonstrateverbUS /ˈdemənstreɪt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

dungeonnounUS /ˈdʌndʒən/

the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

eminentadjectiveUS /ˈemənənt/

standing above others in quality or position

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

Everett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

graduatesnounUS /ˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “graduate” — a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

GreennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

Göttingen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

haggardadjectiveUS /ˈhæɡərd/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

HarvardnounUS /ˈhɑːrvərd/

a university in Massachusetts

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

influencedverbUS /ˈɪnfluːənst/

past form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

modelsnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

niversity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

once-famous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

pioneersnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

rottingnounUS /ˈrɑːtɪŋ/

(biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

squibnoun

firework consisting of a tube filled with powder (as a broken firecracker) that burns with a fizzing noise

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

studyingnounUS /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

Ticknor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

tienounUS /taɪ/

neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

universitiesnounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading But the historical tie between the two universities is far too close to be forgotten; and I have lately come into possession of some quite interesting letters which demonstrate this.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

Whene'er

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading To the majority of Harvard graduates the chief association with Göttingen is Canning’s once-famous squib, of which this is the first verse, in the “Anti-Jacobin.”

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The three persons through whom this influence most came were Joseph Green Cogswell, Edward Everett, and George Ticknor, all then studying at Göttingen.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “Whene’er with haggard eyes I view This dungeon that I’m rotting in, I think of those companions true Who studied with me at the U- niversity of Göttingen, niversity of Göttingen.”

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading They show conclusively how much the development of Harvard College was influenced, nearly a century ago, by the German models, and how little in comparison by Oxford and Cambridge; and as the letters are all from men afterwards eminent, and pioneers in that vast band of American students who have since studied in Germany, their youthful opinions will possess a peculiar interest.

Chapter 6 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises by Thomas Wentworth Higginson holds 425 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises contain?

Chapter 6 holds 425 sentences of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises by Thomas Wentworth Higginson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 425 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Common questions about reading Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises by Thomas Wentworth Higginson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises?

Yes. All 2513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68129 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68129, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises take to read?

About 209 minutes of reading across 503 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises section by section

How to work through Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises

Words and structures a reader meets early in Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Newly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arranged
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cheerful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carlyle's laugh, and other surprises; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.