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Carnival
Carnival

Chapter X · _Growing Old_

Chapter X of Carnival, “_Growing Old_,” is here in full — 243 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Carnival
Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.
It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.
The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.
Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.
Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carnival

Chapter X · _Growing Old_

Chapter X of Carnival, “_Growing Old_,” is here in full — 243 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.
Line 2
It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.
/ɪt keɪm əˈpɑːn hɜːr ɪn ɡʌsts ʌv preməˈnɪʃən ənd laɪk ə ˈfæn.təm ˌɪnˈtruːdəd əˈpɑːn ðə ˈemptinəs ʌv hɜːr maɪnd/
Line 3
The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.
/ðə ˈnɜːrvəs streɪn ʌv pərˈpetʃuːəl ˈpleʒər hæd meɪd hɜːr ˈrestləs ənd ˈɪnsəkjər/
Line 4
Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.
/deɪ baɪ deɪ ʃiː wɑːz fɔːrst ˈɪntuː ə stɪl ˈɡreɪtər dɪˈpendəns ɑːn ˈtrɪviəl əˈmjuːzmənt ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ ðæt ˈevəri ˈɡrætəfaɪd wɪm ˈædəd ðə liːn ɡoʊst ʌv əˈnʌðər dred ˈaʊər tuː hɔːnt hɜːr ˈmem.ər.i/
Line 5
Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.
/ˈhedeɪks ˌoʊvərˈtʊk hɜːr mɔːr ˈiːzəli naʊ ənd fɪts ʌv dɪˈpreʃən wɜːr mɔːr ˈfriːkwənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dependence noun US /dɪˈpendəns/

the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else

From this reading “Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.”

emptiness noun US /ˈemptinəs/

the state of containing nothing

From this reading “It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.”

gusts noun US /ɡʌsts/

plural of “gust” — a strong current of air

From this reading “It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.”

Headaches noun US /ˈhedeɪks/

plural of “headache” — something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness

From this reading “Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.”

insecure adjective US /ˈɪnsəkjər/

not firm or firmly fixed; likely to fail or give way

From this reading “The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.”

intruded verb US /ˌɪnˈtruːdəd/

past form of “intrude” — enter uninvited

From this reading “It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.”

premonition noun US /preməˈnɪʃən/

a feeling of evil to come

From this reading “It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.”

twentieth noun US /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading “In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twentieth year noun + noun

In this reading “In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.”

nervous strain adjective + noun

(psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress

In this reading “The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.”

intruded upon verb + particle counted as “intrude upon”

In this reading “It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.”

like a phantom verb + article + noun counted as “like … phantom”

In this reading “It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.”

came upon verb + particle counted as “come upon”

find unexpectedly

In this reading “It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.”

fits of verb + particle counted as “fit of”

In this reading “Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.”

by day preposition + noun

In this reading “Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

ballsnounUS /bɔːlz/

plural of “ball” — round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

Covent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

dependencenounUS /dɪˈpendəns/

the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

depressionnounUS /dɪˈpreʃən/

a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

emptinessnounUS /ˈemptinəs/

the state of containing nothing

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

fitsnounUS /fɪts/

plural of “fit” — a display of bad temper

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

GardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

ghostnounUS /ɡoʊst/

a mental representation of some haunting experience

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

gratifiedadjectiveUS /ˈɡrætəfaɪd/

having received what was desired

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

gustsnounUS /ɡʌsts/

plural of “gust” — a strong current of air

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

hauntverbUS /hɔːnt/

follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

HeadachesnounUS /ˈhedeɪks/

plural of “headache” — something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

insecureadjectiveUS /ˈɪnsəkjər/

not firm or firmly fixed; likely to fail or give way

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

intrudedverbUS /ˌɪnˈtruːdəd/

past form of “intrude” — enter uninvited

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

JennynounUS /ˈdʒeni/

United States architect who designed the first skyscraper in which a metal skeleton was used (1832-1907)

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

leanverbUS /liːn/

to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

nervousadjectiveUS /ˈnɜːrvəs/

easily agitated

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

notwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

overtookverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

perpetualadjectiveUS /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

phantomnounUS /ˈfæn.təm/

A ghost or apparition; a figment of the imagination or a hidden dweller.

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

premonitionnounUS /preməˈnɪʃən/

a feeling of evil to come

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

restlessadjectiveUS /ˈrestləs/

worried and uneasy

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading The nervous strain of perpetual pleasure had made her restless and insecure.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

trivialadjectiveUS /ˈtrɪviəl/

(informal) small and of little importance

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

twentiethnounUS /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It came upon her in gusts of premonition and, like a phantom, intruded upon the emptiness of her mind.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Headaches overtook her more easily now, and fits of depression were more frequent.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

whimnounUS /wɪm/

a sudden desire

From this reading Day by day she was forced into a still greater dependence on trivial amusement, notwithstanding that every gratified whim added the lean ghost of another dread hour to haunt her memory.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In her twentieth year, when the Covent Garden season of balls was over, the dread of growing old sometimes affected Jenny.

Chapter 10 of Carnival by Compton MacKenzie holds 243 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Carnival contain?

Chapter 10 holds 243 sentences of Carnival, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Carnival by Compton MacKenzie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 243 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Carnival?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Carnival

Common questions about reading Carnival by Compton MacKenzie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Carnival?

Yes. All 9200 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33012 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Carnival is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33012, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Carnival take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1840 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Carnival section by section

How to work through Carnival section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Carnival to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Carnival

Words and structures a reader meets early in Carnival, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Light
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Then--put
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Islington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.