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Carnival
Carnival

Chapter XXXI · _The Alien Corn_

Chapter XXXI of Carnival, “_The Alien Corn_,” is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Carnival
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.
The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.
Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.
From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.
The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carnival

Chapter XXXI · _The Alien Corn_

Chapter XXXI of Carnival, “_The Alien Corn_,” is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.
Line 2
The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.
Line 3
Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.
Line 4
From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.
Line 5
The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

checkered adjective US /ˈtʃekərd/

patterned with alternating squares of color

From this reading “The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.”

contours noun US /ˈkɑːntʊrz/

plural of “contour” — a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal height

From this reading “The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.”

Cornish noun US /ˈkɔːrnɪʃ/

a Celtic language spoken in Cornwall

From this reading “The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.”

flanked verb US /flæŋkt/

past form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading “The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.”

fuchsias noun US /ˈfjuːʃəz/

plural of “fuchsia” — any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand and Tahiti

From this reading “The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.”

hemmed verb US /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading “Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.”

peripheral adjective US /pərˈɪfərəl/

on or near an edge or constituting an outer boundary; the outer area

From this reading “The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.”

tamarisks noun US /ˈtæmərɪsks/

plural of “tamarisk” — any shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix having small scalelike or needle-shaped leaves and feathery racemes of small white or pinkish flowers; of mostly coastal areas with saline soil

From this reading “The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

precious stones adjective + noun counted as “precious stone”

a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

In this reading “The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.”

domestic animals adjective + noun counted as “domestic animal”

any of various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human environment

In this reading “Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.”

gray stone noun + noun

In this reading “The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.”

front windows noun + noun

In this reading “From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.”

low hills adjective + noun counted as “low hill”

In this reading “The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.”

many miles adjective + noun counted as “many mile”

In this reading “From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.”

considerably more adverb + adjective

In this reading “From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.”

between two preposition + noun

In this reading “The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

bleakadjectiveUS /bliːk/

offering little or no hope

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

Bochyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

casualadjectiveUS /ˈkæʒəwəl/

marked by blithe unconcern

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

checkeredadjectiveUS /ˈtʃekərd/

patterned with alternating squares of color

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

considerablyadverbUS /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

contoursnounUS /ˈkɑːntʊrz/

plural of “contour” — a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal height

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

CornishnounUS /ˈkɔːrnɪʃ/

a Celtic language spoken in Cornwall

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

coursesnounUS /ˈkɔːrsəz/

plural of “course” — education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

courtyardnounUS /ˈkɔːrt.jɑːrd/

An unroofed area that is completely or partially enclosed by the walls of a house.

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

elmsnounUS /elmz/

plural of “elm” — any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

endingnounUS /ˈendɪŋ/

the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

featheredadjectiveUS /ˈfeðərd/

adorned with feathers or plumes

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

flankedverbUS /flæŋkt/

past form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

fuchsiasnounUS /ˈfjuːʃəz/

plural of “fuchsia” — any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand and Tahiti

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

gorsenoun

very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

grovesnounUS /ɡroʊvz/

United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

heathernounUS /ˈheðər/

common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

hedgesnounUS /ˈhedʒɪz/

plural of “hedge” — a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

hemmedverbUS /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

hourlyadjectiveUS /ˈaʊrli/

occurring every hour or payable by the hour

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

lanenounUS /leɪn/

a narrow way or road

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

moistadjectiveUS /mɔɪst/

slightly wet

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

peripheraladjectiveUS /pərˈɪfərəl/

on or near an edge or constituting an outer boundary; the outer area

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

perpetualadjectiveUS /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

plateaunounUS /plæˈtoʊ/

a relatively flat highland

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

shiftverbUS /ʃɪft/

make a shift in or exchange of

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

squelchy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

stablesnounUS /ˈsteɪbəlz/

plural of “stable” — a farm building for housing horses or other livestock

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

tamarisksnounUS /ˈtæmərɪsks/

plural of “tamarisk” — any shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix having small scalelike or needle-shaped leaves and feathery racemes of small white or pinkish flowers; of mostly coastal areas with saline soil

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

tintsnounUS /tɪnts/

plural of “tint” — a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

town-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind the house was the town-place, a squelchy courtyard hemmed in by stables and full of casual domestic animals.

translucencenoun

the quality of allowing light to pass diffusely

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

two-storied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading From here a muddy lane led up to the fields on the slopes above, slopes considerably more lofty than those visible from the front windows and ending in a bleak plateau of heather and gorse that formed the immediate approach to the high black cliffs of many miles of coast.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Bochyn was built to escape as easily as possible the many storms of the desolate country that surrounded it.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The windows in the front of the house looked out between two groves of straight Cornish elms over a moist valley to a range of low hills, whose checkered green and brown surface in the perpetual changes of light and atmosphere took on the variety and translucence of water or precious stones; and not merely their peripheral tints, but even their very contours seemed during the courses of the sun and moon hourly to shift.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The house itself was a long two-storied building, flanked by low gray stone hedges feathered with tamarisks and fuchsias.

Chapter 31 of Carnival by Compton MacKenzie holds 140 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Carnival contain?

Chapter 31 holds 140 sentences of Carnival, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Carnival by Compton MacKenzie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 140 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Carnival?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Carnival

Common questions about reading Carnival by Compton MacKenzie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Carnival?

Yes. All 9200 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33012 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Carnival is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33012, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Carnival take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1840 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Carnival section by section

How to work through Carnival section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Carnival to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Carnival

Words and structures a reader meets early in Carnival, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Light
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Then--put
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Islington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Carnival; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.