Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language
Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.
So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.
But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.
THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.
As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.
Line 2
So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.
/soʊ fɑːr æz wiː naʊ noʊ ðə pleɪn flæt fɔːrm wɪtʃ hæz æt liːst wʌn raɪt ˈæŋɡəl ənd tuː ɔːr mɔːr streɪt ˈedʒəz wɑːz ðə ˈoʊnli fɔːrm ʌv skwer juːzd baɪ ðə ˈwɜːrkmən/
Line 3
But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.
/bʌt ˈmɑːdərn ˈjuːsəz ənd ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ˈdʒɔɪnəri ənd ˈkæbənət ˈmeɪkɪŋ æz wel æz ðə mɔːr ədˈvænst fɔːrmz ʌv məˈʃiːnəri ˈpræktəs nəˈsesəteɪtəd nuː ˈstrʌktʃərəl fɔːrmz ɪn ðə skwer soʊ ðæt ðə ˈbevəl skwer ɪn wɪtʃ ðer ɪz æn əˈdʒʌstəbəl bleɪd set ɪn ə ˈhændəl wɑːz faʊnd ˈnesəseri/
Line 4
THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.
Line 5
As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.
/æz sʌtʃ ə tuːl ɪz dɪˈfektɪv ɪn wɜːrk riˈkwaɪərɪŋ ˈækjərəsi ɪt brɔːt ˈɪntuː eɡˈzɪstəns wʌt ɪz kɔːld ðə traɪ skwer wɪtʃ hæz ə rekˈtæŋɡjələr ˈhændəl ˈjuːʒəwəli ʌv wʊd ˈɪntuː wɪtʃ ɪz ˈfɪtəd æt wʌn end ə ˈmetəl bleɪd wɪtʃ ɪz æt raɪt ˈæŋɡəlz tuː ðə edʒ ʌv ðə ˈhændəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjustable adjective US /əˈdʒʌstəbəl/

capable of being changed so as to match or fit

From this reading “But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.”

bevel verb US /ˈbevəl/

cut a bevel on; shape to a bevel

From this reading “But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.”

defective adjective US /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading “As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.”

emblem noun US /ˈembləm/

special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.

From this reading “THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.”

joinery noun US /ˈdʒɔɪnəri/

fine woodwork done by a joiner

From this reading “But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.”

necessitated verb US /nəˈsesəteɪtəd/

past form of “necessitate” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading “But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.”

rectangular adjective US /rekˈtæŋɡjələr/

having four right angles

From this reading “As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.”

structural adjective US /ˈstrʌktʃərəl/

relating to or caused by structure, especially political or economic structure

From this reading “But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

accuracynounUS /ˈækjərəsi/

the quality of being near to the true value

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

adjustableadjectiveUS /əˈdʒʌstəbəl/

capable of being changed so as to match or fit

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

anglesnounUS /ˈæŋɡəlz/

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

associatedverbUS /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

past form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

bevelverbUS /ˈbevəl/

cut a bevel on; shape to a bevel

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

bladenounUS /bleɪd/

especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

cabinetnounUS /ˈkæbənət/

a piece of furniture resembling a cupboard with doors and shelves and drawers; for storage or display

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

COMPASSnounUS /ˈkʌmpəs/

navigational instrument for finding directions

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

constitutedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

craftsman's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

defectiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

dividers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

edgesnounUS /ˈedʒəz/

plural of “edge” — the boundary of a surface

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

emblemnounUS /ˈembləm/

special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

handleverbUS /ˈhændəl/

be in charge of, act on, or dispose of

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

joinerynounUS /ˈdʒɔɪnəri/

fine woodwork done by a joiner

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

limbnounUS /lɪm/

one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

metalnounUS /ˈmetəl/

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

necessitatedverbUS /nəˈsesəteɪtəd/

past form of “necessitate” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

oldestadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

rectangularadjectiveUS /rekˈtæŋɡjələr/

having four right angles

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

requiringverbUS /riˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

-ing form of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

scribing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

SQUAREverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

structuraladjectiveUS /ˈstrʌktʃərəl/

relating to or caused by structure, especially political or economic structure

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

timbernounUS /ˈtɪmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

toolnounUS /tuːl/

an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

TRYverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

USESnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But modern uses, and the development of joinery and cabinet making, as well as the more advanced forms of machinery practice, necessitated new structural forms in the square, so that the bevel square, in which there is an adjustable blade set in a handle, was found necessary.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE USES OF THE COMPASS AND THE SQUARE THE SQUARE.--The square is, probably, the oldest of all tools, and that, together with the compass, or dividers, with which the square is always associated, has constituted the craftsman's emblem from the earliest historical times.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading As such a tool is defective in work requiring accuracy, it brought into existence what is called the try square, which has a rectangular handle, usually of wood, into which is fitted at one end a metal blade, which is at right angles to the edge of the handle.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE TRY SQUARE.--In the use of the ordinary large metal square it is necessary to lay the short limb of the square on the face of the work, and the long limb must, therefore, rest against the work side or edge of the timber, so that the scribing edge of the short limb does not rest flat against the work.

workmannounUS /ˈwɜːrkmən/

an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading So far as we now know, the plain flat form, which has at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, was the only form of square used by the workman.

Chapter 7 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe holds 41 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language contain?

Chapter 7 holds 41 sentences of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 41 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Common questions about reading Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language section by section

How to work through Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Words and structures a reader meets early in Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.