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Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language
Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.
If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.
THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.
THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.
Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.
Line 2
If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.
Line 3
THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.
Line 4
THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.
Line 5
Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.
/sʌtʃ ə ˈmoʊldɪŋ ɡɪvz tuː ðə ˈɑːrtəkəl ɑːn wɪtʃ ɪt ɪz pleɪst θriː dɪˈstɪŋkt laɪnz siː diː ənd iː ɪf juː stɑːp tuː kənˈsɪdər juː wɪl noʊt ðæt ðə ˈmoʊldɪŋ waɪl ɪt meɪ æd tuː ðə streŋkθ ʌv ðə ˈɑːrtəkəl ɪz praɪˈmerəli ʌv ˈsɜːrvəs bɪˈkɔːz ðə laɪnz ənd ˈsɜːrfəsəz prəˈduːs ˈʃædoʊz ənd ˈðerfɔːr bɪˈkʌm ˈvæljəbəl ɪn æn ɑːrˈtɪstɪk sens/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

domes noun US /doʊmz/

plural of “dome” — a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading “If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.”

elementary adjective US /ˌeləˈmentri/

easy and not involved or complicated

From this reading “THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.”

embellishing verb US /emˈbelɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “embellish” — add details to

From this reading “MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.”

minarets noun US /ˌmɪnərˈets/

plural of “minaret” — slender tower with balconies

From this reading “If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.”

molding noun US /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

the act of creating something by casting it in a mold

From this reading “THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.”

moldings noun US /ˈmoʊldɪŋz/

plural of “molding” — the act of creating something by casting it in a mold

From this reading “MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.”

primarily adverb US /praɪˈmerəli/

for the most part

From this reading “Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.”

surfaces noun US /ˈsɜːrfəsəz/

plural of “surface” — the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading “Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

185

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

analyzeverbUS /ˈænəlaɪz/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

architecturenounUS /ˈɑːrkətektʃər/

an architectural product or work

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

BASISnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

designsnounUS /dɪˈzaɪnz/

plural of “design” — the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

domesnounUS /doʊmz/

plural of “dome” — a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

elementaryadjectiveUS /ˌeləˈmentri/

easy and not involved or complicated

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

EMBELLISHINGverbUS /emˈbelɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “embellish” — add details to

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

FignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

furniturenounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

ILLUSTRATIONSnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

marvelverbUS /ˈmɑːrvəl/

be amazed at

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

minaretsnounUS /ˌmɪnərˈets/

plural of “minaret” — slender tower with balconies

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

MOLDINGnounUS /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

the act of creating something by casting it in a mold

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

MOLDINGSnounUS /ˈmoʊldɪŋz/

plural of “molding” — the act of creating something by casting it in a mold

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

necians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

oe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

ornamentverbUS /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

PhnounUS /ˈpiːˈeɪtʃ/

(from potential of Hydrogen) the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

PRACTICALadjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

primarilyadverbUS /praɪˈmerəli/

for the most part

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

resortedverbUS /rɪˈzɔːrtɪd/

past form of “resort” — have recourse to

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

SIMPLESTadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpləst/

superlative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE SIMPLEST MOLDING.--In Fig. 185 we show a molding of the most elementary character known, being simply in the form of a band (A) placed below the cap.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

spiresnounUS /spaɪrz/

plural of “spire” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

SupposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

surfacesnounUS /ˈsɜːrfəsəz/

plural of “surface” — the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

typesnounUS /taɪps/

plural of “type” — a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

utilitynounUS /juːˈtɪləti/

a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation

From this reading THE BASIS OF MOLDINGS.--Suppose we take the base type of moldings, and see how simple they are and then, by using these forms, try to build up or ornament some article of furniture, as an example of their utility.

valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Such a molding gives to the article on which it is placed three distinct lines, C, D and E. If you stop to consider you will note that the molding, while it may add to the strength of the article, is primarily of service because the lines and surfaces produce shadows, and therefore become valuable in an artistic sense.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

WORKverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading MOLDINGS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN EMBELLISHING WORK MOLDINGS.--The use of moldings was early resorted to by the nations of antiquity, and we marvel to-day at many of the beautiful designs which the Ph[oe]necians, the Greeks and the Romans produced.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you analyze the lines used you will be surprised to learn how few are the designs which go to make up the wonderful columns, spires, minarets and domes which are represented in the various types of architecture.

Chapter 10 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe holds 58 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language contain?

Chapter 10 holds 58 sentences of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 58 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Words and structures a reader meets early in Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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