Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language
Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.
SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.
The most simple bridge or trussed form is the well-known A-shaped arch.
COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.
In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.
Line 2
SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.
Line 3
The most simple bridge or trussed form is the well-known A-shaped arch.
Line 4
COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.
Line 5
In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carpenter's noun US /ˈkɑːrpəntərz/

possessive form of “carpenter” — a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading “BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.”

ceilings noun US /ˈsiːlɪŋz/

plural of “ceiling” — the overhead upper surface of a covered space

From this reading “SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.”

Fig noun US /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading “COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.”

spans noun US /spænz/

plural of “span” — the complete duration of something

From this reading “SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.”

steeples noun US /ˈstiːpəlz/

plural of “steeple” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading “SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.”

structures noun US /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading “BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.”

trusses noun US /ˈtrʌsɪz/

plural of “truss” — (medicine) a bandage consisting of a pad and belt; worn to hold a hernia in place by pressure

From this reading “COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.”

vertical adjective US /ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/

at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line

From this reading “COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

235

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

236

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

A-shaped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most simple bridge or trussed form is the well-known A-shaped arch.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

archnounUS /ɑːrtʃ/

a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading The most simple bridge or trussed form is the well-known A-shaped arch.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

BridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

BRIDGESnounUS /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

carpenternounUS /ˈkɑːrpəntər/

a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

carpenter'snounUS /ˈkɑːrpəntərz/

possessive form of “carpenter” — a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

ceilingsnounUS /ˈsiːlɪŋz/

plural of “ceiling” — the overhead upper surface of a covered space

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

COMMONadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

FignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The most simple bridge or trussed form is the well-known A-shaped arch.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

involvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvd/

connected by participation or association or use

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

LIKEverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

postverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

postsnounUS /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

ROOFSnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

SELF-SUPPORTINGadjective

financially independent

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The most simple bridge or trussed form is the well-known A-shaped arch.

spansnounUS /spænz/

plural of “span” — the complete duration of something

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

steeplesnounUS /ˈstiːpəlz/

plural of “steeple” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

strictlyadverbUS /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

STRUCTURESnounUS /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

supportingadjectiveUS /səˈpɔːrtɪŋ/

furnishing support and encouragement

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

TRUSSEDadjective

bound or secured closely

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

TRUSSESnounUS /ˈtrʌsɪz/

plural of “truss” — (medicine) a bandage consisting of a pad and belt; worn to hold a hernia in place by pressure

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures.

verticaladjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/

at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line

From this reading COMMON TRUSSES.--One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post.

well-knownadjectiveUS /ˈwelˈnoʊn/

widely or fully known

From this reading The most simple bridge or trussed form is the well-known A-shaped arch.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS.--In putting up, for instance, self-supporting roofs, or ceilings with wide spans, and steeples or towers, the bridge principle of trussed members should be understood.

WORKverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading BRIDGES, TRUSSED WORK AND LIKE STRUCTURES BRIDGES.--Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master.

Chapter 13 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe holds 17 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language contain?

Chapter 13 holds 17 sentences of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 17 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Common questions about reading Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language section by section

How to work through Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language

Words and structures a reader meets early in Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.