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Castle Richmond
Castle Richmond

Chapter VI

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
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THE FAMINE YEAR.
They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.
For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.
The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.
For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Castle Richmond

Chapter VI

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FAMINE YEAR.
Line 2
They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.
Line 3
For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.
Line 4
The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.
Line 5
For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Agony noun US /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Extreme physical or mental suffering; intense anguish.

From this reading “They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.”

Believe noun US /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.”

Myself pronoun US /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading “For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.”

Part noun US /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.”

Readily noun US /readily/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1846

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

47

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

agonynounUS /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Extreme physical or mental suffering; intense anguish.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

anger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

attribute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

beings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

believenounUS /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

destruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

eight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

exhibitions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.

failed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

FAMINE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FAMINE YEAR.

fed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

food

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

forget

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

God

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

God's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

greater

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

guilty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

increasing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

Ireland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

million

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

misdeeds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.

natural

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

overwhelmed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

partnounUS /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

period

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

potato

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

preceding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

readilynounUS /readily/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

south

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading For myself, I do not believe in such exhibitions of God's anger.

sufferings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

swarms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FAMINE YEAR.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

unfortunate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

winter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They who were in the south of Ireland during the winter of 1846-47 will not readily forget the agony of that period.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

wrath

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The destruction of the potato was the work of God; and it was natural to attribute the sufferings which at once overwhelmed the unfortunate country to God's anger--to his wrath for the misdeeds of which that country had been guilty.

YEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FAMINE YEAR.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many, many years preceding and up to that time, the increasing swarms of the country had been fed upon the potato, and upon the potato only; and now all at once the potato failed them, and the greater part of eight million human beings were left without food.