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Castle Richmond
Castle Richmond

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Castle Richmond is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RELIEF COMMITTEE.
At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.
The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.
The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.
They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Castle Richmond

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Castle Richmond is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RELIEF COMMITTEE.
/ðə rɪˈliːf kəˈmɪti/
Line 2
At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.
Line 3
The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.
/ðə ˈstɜːrnəst əˈmʌŋ ˈlændlɔːrdz ənd ˈmæstərz wɜːr ˈdrɪvən tuː ækˈnɑːlɪdʒ ðæt ðə ˈpiːpəl hæd nɑːt ɡɑːt fuːd ɔːr ðə miːnz ʌv ˈɜːrnɪŋ ɪt/
Line 4
The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.
/ðə ˈpiːpəl ðemˈselvz wɜːr ˈlɜːrnɪŋ ðæt ə ɡreɪt ˈnæʃənəl kəˈlæməti hæd ˈhæpənd ənd ðæt ðə wɜːrk wɑːz ɡɑːdz wɜːrk ənd ðə ˈɡʌvərmənt hæd ˈfʊli ˈrekəɡnaɪzd ðə nəˈsesəti ʌv ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə hoʊl ˈmætər ˈɪntuː ɪts oʊn hændz/
Line 5
They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.
/ðeɪ wɜːr riˈspɑːnsəbəl fɔːr ðə ˌprezərˈveɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈpiːpəl ənd ðeɪ ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd ðer riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acknowledge verb US /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒ/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading “The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.”

acknowledged adjective US /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading “They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.”

calamity noun US /kəˈlæməti/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading “The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.”

earning verb US /ˈɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “earn” — earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading “The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.”

famine noun US /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading “At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.”

landlords noun US /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading “The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.”

preservation noun US /ˌprezərˈveɪʃən/

the activity of protecting something from loss or danger

From this reading “They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.”

sternest adjective US /ˈstɜːrnəst/

superlative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading “The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

acknowledgeverbUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒ/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

calamitynounUS /kəˈlæməti/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

COMMITTEEnounUS /kəˈmɪti/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading THE RELIEF COMMITTEE.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

earningverbUS /ˈɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “earn” — earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

faminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

God'snounUS /ɡɑːdz/

possessive form of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

landlordsnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

preservationnounUS /ˌprezərˈveɪʃən/

the activity of protecting something from loss or danger

From this reading They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

RELIEFnounUS /rɪˈliːf/

the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced

From this reading THE RELIEF COMMITTEE.

responsibilitynounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.

responsibleadjectiveUS /riˈspɑːnsəbəl/

worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable

From this reading They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.

sternestadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrnəst/

superlative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

systematised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RELIEF COMMITTEE.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were responsible for the preservation of the people, and they acknowledged their responsibility.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At this time the famine was beginning to be systematised.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The sternest among landlords and masters were driven to acknowledge that the people had not got food or the means of earning it.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The people themselves were learning that a great national calamity had happened, and that the work was God's work; and the Government had fully recognized the necessity of taking the whole matter into its own hands.

Chapter 16 of Castle Richmond by Anthony Trollope holds 255 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Castle Richmond contain?

Chapter 16 holds 255 sentences of Castle Richmond, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Castle Richmond by Anthony Trollope exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 255 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Castle Richmond?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Castle Richmond

Common questions about reading Castle Richmond by Anthony Trollope on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Castle Richmond?

Yes. All 10324 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5897 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Castle Richmond is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5897, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Castle Richmond take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2065 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Castle Richmond section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Castle Richmond to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Castle Richmond

Words and structures a reader meets early in Castle Richmond, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fitzgerald
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Castle Richmond; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Myself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Castle Richmond; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thirteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Castle Richmond; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Castle Richmond; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.